ZIP code
31904
in Columbus, GeorgiaPopulation 35,405
47.01/ 100
Ranked #20,149 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 37%)
Ranked #362 of 711 Georgia ZIPs (bottom 49%)
Ranked #12 of 36 Columbus, GA-AL ZIPs (top 33%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Physician access
3.5 per 1,000 residents
in the top 2.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST97thUS97thDefinition & source ›
The number of physicians’ offices located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Subsidized affordable housing
586 units
in the top 3.7% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST97thUS96thDefinition & source ›
The number of affordable rental units in this ZIP supported by the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program.
Full methodology ›Air-toxics cancer risk
40 per million
in the top 4.5% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST90thUS96thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air toxics, in cases per million people exposed over a lifetime.
Full methodology ›Outpatient-care access
0.62 per 1,000 residents
in the top 5.1% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST97thUS95thDefinition & source ›
The number of outpatient clinics located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Mental-health provider access
0.16 per 1,000 residents
in the top 5.9% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST97thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of mental-health clinics located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Dental provider access
1.1 per 1,000 residents
in the top 6.0% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST96thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of dental offices located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›PFOA in drinking water
92%
in the top 7.9% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST95thUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The share of residents served by public water systems where PFOA, one of the man-made “forever chemicals,” was detected in EPA testing.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›PFOS in drinking water
92%
in the top 8.1% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST95thUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The share of residents served by public water systems where PFOS, one of the most common “forever chemicals,” was detected in EPA testing.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Distance to a Superfund site
62.2 mi
in the top 8.2% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST98thUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The distance in miles from this ZIP’s edge to the nearest Superfund site — an abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste site the EPA has listed for cleanup.
Full methodology ›Households without a vehicle
13.6%
in the top 8.7% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST92ndUS91stDefinition & source ›
The share of households with no vehicle available.
Full methodology ›The read
ZIP 31904, one of several in Columbus, Georgia, by its overall standing, sits in the bottom 37% nationally (20,149th) and the bottom 49% of Georgia (362nd).
The measures fall on both sides of the ledger for this area: physicians rests in the top 2.6% nationally, subsidized affordable housing lies in the top 3.7% nationally, and outpatient sits in the top 5.1% nationally. Mental-health providers settles in the top 5.9% nationally, dental providers registers in the top 6.0% nationally, and distance to a Superfund site stands in the top 8.2% nationally. Set against that, modeled air-toxics cancer risk lands in the top 4.5% nationally, and PFOA in drinking water is in the top 7.9% nationally. PFOS in drinking water resides in the top 8.1% nationally, and households without a vehicle rests in the top 8.7% nationally.
Held up against its neighbors, park land runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. Defined in plain terms, air-toxics cancer risk is a modeled EPA estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air, per million people. PFOA in drinking water is one of the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down. PFOS in drinking water is a common one of the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down. The nearest ZIP ranking healthier overall is ZIP 31808, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Columbus, GA-AL metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 84%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 46%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 43%
14%
Mental Health
healthier than 48%
8%
Holding it back
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 29%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 36%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 30%
11%
Disability
healthier than 29%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 24%
5%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 85%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 56%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 49%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 54%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 43%
11%
Disability
healthier than 45%
7%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 33%
14%
Mental Health
healthier than 37%
8%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 26%
5%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 69%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 71%
16%
Disability
healthier than 66%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 94%
5%
About typical
Risk Behavior
healthier than 54%
11%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 29%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 34%
13%
Mental Health
healthier than 31%
8%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 14%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Findings that name this ZIP
2 of our published findings list this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.
Below what income predicts
The ZIP codes that outlive their incomes
Estimated life expectancy is 75.9 ± 1.1 years. A median household income of $66,291 predicts 78.5 years — 2.6 years below.
Ranked #3,545 of the 5,842 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above what income predicts, highest first.
Highest-risk tenth
Air toxics and the years between the two ends of the risk scale
Modeled air-toxics cancer risk is 40.0 cases per million — among the tenth of compared ZIP codes with the most. Estimated life expectancy is 75.9 ± 1.1 years.
Ranked #504 of the 4,173 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by modeled air-toxics risk, highest first.
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
31808
Georgiashares a border
Score 62.16
Closest healthier
31909
Georgiashares a border
Score 55.82
Similar health profile
31061
Georgia97% similar profile
Score 44.70
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 27.8% | 25.4–31.3 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 39.8% | 36.8–44.1 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 7.9% | 7.3–8.8 |
| Current asthma among adults | 10.6% | 9.6–12.2 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 7.0% | 6.4–7.9 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 8.2% | 7.5–9.2 |
| Depression among adults | 20.9% | 18.4–24.7 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 14.5% | 13.1–16.7 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 37.8% | 34.7–42.2 |
| Obesity among adults | 37.9% | 33.2–44.5 |
| Stroke among adults | 4.2% | 3.9–4.6 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 15.8% | 13.4–18.5 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 14.9% | 13.3–17.1 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 79.5% | 77.3–82.3 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 78.6% | 75.9–82.1 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 85.8% | 84.3–87.6 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 64.9% | 60.7–69.1 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 57.8% | 54.7–60.8 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 76.1% | 69.5–81.8 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 14.3% | 12.2–17.5 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 16.3% | 14.6–18.8 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 29.2% | 26.0–33.7 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 40.7% | 36.0–45.6 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 24.0% | 21.8–26.9 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 18.6% | 16.9–21.1 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 15.0% | 13.6–17.1 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 16.1% | 14.7–18.2 |
| Any disability among adults | 33.0% | 29.9–37.3 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 7.3% | 6.6–8.4 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 10.7% | 9.8–12.0 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 16.2% | 14.6–18.4 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 5.4% | 5.1–6.0 |
| Vision disability among adults | 7.2% | 6.7–7.9 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 24.7% | 21.6–28.0 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 21.3% | 19.2–23.5 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 19.8% | 18.0–21.7 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 16.8% | 15.0–18.8 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 11.8% | 10.6–13.1 |
| Loneliness among adults | 36.7% | 32.4–41.1 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 12.2% | 10.9–13.6 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | GA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 20.1% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 13.8% (5.6–27.5%) n=709 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 20.0% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 18.3% (8.4–29.7%) n=713 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 11.8% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 12.1% (3.9–22.9%) n=720 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 32.0% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 21.3% (9.1–49.2%) n=720 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 6.2% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 4.1% (0.6–9.6%) n=714 |
| Households without a vehicle | 13.6% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.4% (0.3–12.3%) n=707 |
| Broadband subscription | 88.9% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 87.3% (72.5–96.4%) n=707 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 31.9% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 25.1% (13.6–38.3%) n=707 |
| Homeownership rate | 51.8% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 73.7% (48.8–89.0%) n=707 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 2.6% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 1.7% (0.0–5.0%) n=707 |
| Foreign-born population | 6.0% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 3.8% (0.0–15.8%) n=720 |
| Single-parent households | 44.9% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 48.8% (36.1–66.7%) n=705 |
| Population 65+ | 17.7% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 17.0% (10.0–28.3%) n=720 |
| Median age | 37.6 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 39.8 yr (33.1–51.4) n=715 |
| Median household income | $66,291 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $65,254 ($44,032–$106,158) n=677 |
| Median home value | $226,000 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $215,200 ($91,000–$413,150) n=666 |
| Median gross rent | $1,094 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $993 ($694–$1,769) n=627 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | GA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 75.9 yr ± 0.54 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 76.1 yr (73.3–79.7) n=668 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.54 years of 75.9, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured