ZIP code
44446
in Niles, OhioPopulation 20,060
43.64/ 100
Ranked #23,755 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 26%)
Ranked #814 of 1,176 Ohio ZIPs (bottom 31%)
Ranked #30 of 50 Youngstown-Warren, OH ZIPs (bottom 40%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Arsenic in groundwater
23.1%
in the top 5.1% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST91stUS95thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that untreated groundwater in this area — the source private wells draw on — exceeds the federal arsenic limit of 10 micrograms per liter.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›PFAS in drinking water
63.2%
in the top 6.8% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST89thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that PFAS “forever chemicals” would be detected in untreated groundwater in this area, the source private wells draw on.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Outer-floodplain exposure
4.3%
in the top 8.3% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST96thUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area inside FEMA’s 0.2%-annual-chance flood band — the “500-year” zone, a lower but real 1-in-500 yearly chance.
Measured from FEMA’s mapped flood panels. Where a panel has not been mapped, no value is published for that ZIP — those ZIPs are absent from this comparison rather than counted as unexposed.
Full methodology ›PFOS in drinking water
88.7%
in the top 9.4% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST88thUS91stDefinition & source ›
The share of residents served by public water systems where PFOS, one of the most common “forever chemicals,” was detected in EPA testing.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Floodplain exposure
18.5%
in the top 20% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST91stUS80thDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area inside FEMA’s 1%-annual-chance floodplain — the “100-year” flood zone, where flooding has about a 1-in-100 chance in any given year.
Measured from FEMA’s mapped flood panels. Where a panel has not been mapped, no value is published for that ZIP — those ZIPs are absent from this comparison rather than counted as unexposed.
Full methodology ›The read
Judged by its overall standing, Niles, Ohio (ZIP 44446) sits in the bottom 26% nationally (23,755th) and the bottom 31% of Ohio (814th).
An even profile, with readings pulling both ways: distance to a nursing home stands at the national minimum, shared with about 27% of ZIPs. Fatal road crashes resides in the bottom 14.9% nationally, and elder services sits in the top 15% nationally. Against that, modeled arsenic stands in the top 5.1% nationally, and pfas resides in the top 6.8% nationally. Outer-floodplain exposure sits in the top 8.3% nationally, and PFOS in drinking water stands in the top 9.4% nationally. Modeled industrial-pollution burden resides in the top 10.7% nationally, and homeownership sits in the bottom 12.8% nationally. Households without a vehicle stands in the top 14.8% nationally.
Placed beside its immediate neighbors, outer-floodplain exposure runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. Put plainly, arsenic is a natural groundwater contaminant, here a modeled estimate of the chance private-well levels exceed a benchmark. Pfas is the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down; here a modeled estimate of the chance a private well contains them. PFOS in drinking water is a common one of the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down. A healthier nearby ZIP overall is ZIP 44420, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Youngstown-Warren, OH metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 73%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 46%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 49%
13%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 44%
5%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 24%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 14%
14%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 20%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 18%
8%
Disability
healthier than 37%
7%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 70%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 51%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 41%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 40%
11%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 29%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 26%
14%
Mental Health
healthier than 38%
8%
Disability
healthier than 26%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 11%
5%
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 61%
16%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 57%
21%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 43%
11%
Disability
healthier than 55%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 53%
5%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 18%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 37%
13%
Mental Health
healthier than 32%
8%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 8%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Findings that name this ZIP
One of our published findings lists this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.
Below what income predicts
The ZIP codes that outlive their incomes
Estimated life expectancy is 75.1 ± 1.1 years. A median household income of $50,468 predicts 77.4 years — 2.3 years below.
Ranked #3,077 of the 5,842 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above what income predicts, highest first.
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
44420
Ohioshares a border
Score 44.47
Closest healthier
44437
Ohioshares a border
Score 53.82
Similar health profile
43113
Ohio99% similar profile
Score 43.30
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 34.9% | 31.7–37.8 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 39.2% | 35.5–42.6 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 9.8% | 8.9–10.7 |
| Current asthma among adults | 11.4% | 10.1–12.7 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 8.6% | 7.7–9.4 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 10.2% | 9.1–11.3 |
| Depression among adults | 26.2% | 22.8–29.5 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 15.0% | 13.2–16.7 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 38.9% | 34.9–42.4 |
| Obesity among adults | 39.2% | 33.4–44.5 |
| Stroke among adults | 4.3% | 4.0–4.7 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 17.0% | 14.2–20.2 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 8.7% | 7.3–10.0 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 81.1% | 78.6–83.2 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 80.1% | 76.7–82.8 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 85.3% | 83.5–86.9 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 65.8% | 61.5–70.0 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 59.7% | 56.6–63.1 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 72.6% | 65.9–79.0 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 15.2% | 12.5–17.7 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 18.5% | 16.2–20.8 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 31.0% | 26.8–34.8 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 39.1% | 34.4–44.0 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 21.7% | 19.1–24.1 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 18.8% | 16.8–20.8 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 15.7% | 13.9–17.4 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 15.5% | 13.8–17.1 |
| Any disability among adults | 32.6% | 28.7–36.1 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 8.2% | 7.3–9.1 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 9.6% | 8.6–10.6 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 16.5% | 14.5–18.3 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 4.6% | 4.1–5.0 |
| Vision disability among adults | 5.8% | 5.2–6.3 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 21.8% | 18.5–25.3 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 16.0% | 13.8–18.4 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 14.5% | 12.5–16.6 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 11.9% | 10.2–13.6 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 8.5% | 7.4–9.5 |
| Loneliness among adults | 33.4% | 28.6–38.3 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 8.8% | 7.6–10.1 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 16.0% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.7% (3.5–26.2%) n=1,177 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 9.9% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.8% (2.5–18.1%) n=1,174 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 7.8% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 7.5% (2.3–17.0%) n=1,179 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 21.8% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 19.7% (8.1–45.8%) n=1,179 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 4.9% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 3.7% (0.0–9.8%) n=1,171 |
| Households without a vehicle | 10.0% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.4% (0.0–14.5%) n=1,177 |
| Broadband subscription | 82.2% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 88.9% (76.5–96.0%) n=1,177 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 28.2% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 21.3% (11.2–34.6%) n=1,177 |
| Homeownership rate | 56.1% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 78.3% (52.8–91.8%) n=1,177 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 0.6% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 0.8% (0.0–3.5%) n=1,177 |
| Foreign-born population | 1.3% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 1.0% (0.0–6.8%) n=1,180 |
| Single-parent households | 54.2% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 53.2% (36.6–68.1%) n=1,168 |
| Population 65+ | 23.5% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 19.0% (11.1–27.2%) n=1,180 |
| Median age | 43.9 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 41.5 yr (33.2–50.5) n=1,169 |
| Median household income | $50,468 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $70,500 ($46,328–$101,197) n=1,127 |
| Median home value | $114,400 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $177,700 ($104,860–$310,980) n=1,117 |
| Median gross rent | $795 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $907 ($714–$1,294) n=1,007 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 75.1 yr ± 0.58 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.9 yr (74.0–81.3) n=1,154 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.58 years of 75.1, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured