ZIP code
44109
in Cleveland, OhioPopulation 39,428
36.85/ 100
Ranked #28,605 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 10.8%)
Ranked #1,053 of 1,176 Ohio ZIPs (bottom 10.5%)
Ranked #96 of 113 Cleveland, OH ZIPs (bottom 15%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Industrial-pollution burden
in the top 4.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST93rdUS96thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›Loneliness
40%
in the top 4.2% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST94thUS96thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults who report feeling lonely.
Full methodology ›Lead in tap water
0 ppb
at the national minimum
Lower is healthier
US1stDefinition & source ›
The lead level at the 90th percentile of tap-water samples reported by the public water systems serving this ZIP, in parts per billion — the EPA requires action above 15 ppb.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Walkability
140 intersections/sq mi
in the top 5.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST93rdUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of street intersections per square mile — a standard street-connectivity measure; denser networks correlate with more walkable neighborhoods.
Full methodology ›Utility shut-off threat
15.9%
in the top 5.7% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST93rdUS94thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults whose household was threatened with a utility shut-off in the past 12 months.
Full methodology ›Households without a vehicle
16.6%
in the top 6.1% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST92ndUS94thDefinition & source ›
The share of households with no vehicle available.
Full methodology ›Transit access
4 per 1,000 residents
in the top 7.2% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST91stUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The number of public-transit stops inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Food insecurity
28.6%
in the top 7.3% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST94thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults who experienced food insecurity in the past 12 months.
Full methodology ›Housing insecurity
21.2%
in the top 7.4% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST94thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults who experienced housing insecurity in the past 12 months.
Full methodology ›Homeownership rate
46.8%
in the bottom 7.5% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST7thUS7thDefinition & source ›
The share of occupied homes that are owned, rather than rented, by the people living in them.
Full methodology ›The read
ZIP 44109, one of several in Cleveland, Ohio, by its overall standing, sits in the bottom 10.8% nationally (28,605th) and the bottom 10.5% of Ohio (1,053rd).
The profile opens balanced, with readings on either hand: lead in tap water resides at the national minimum. Distance to an emergency room rests at the national minimum, shared with about 11% of ZIPs. Walkability lies in the top 5.6% nationally, and transit sits in the top 7.2% nationally. By contrast, modeled industrial-pollution burden settles in the top 4.0% nationally, and loneliness registers in the top 4.2% nationally. Modeled utility shutoff stands in the top 5.7% nationally, and households without a vehicle lands in the top 6.1% nationally. Modeled food insecurity is in the top 7.3% nationally, and housing insecurity resides in the top 7.4% nationally.
Held up against its neighbors, industrial-pollution burden runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. Defined in plain terms, industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. Lead in tap water is the EPA trigger, 15 parts per billion in tap samples, above which a water system must act on lead. The nearest ZIP ranking healthier overall is ZIP 44113, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Cleveland, OH metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 81%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 90%
5%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 35%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 6%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 9%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 10%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 3%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 13%
8%
Disability
healthier than 18%
7%
Lifting this score
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 78%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 90%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 47%
21%
Holding it back
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 4%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 17%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 4%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 6%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 25%
8%
Disability
healthier than 9%
7%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 88%
5%
About typical
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 43%
5%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 35%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 7%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 16%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 5%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 9%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 17%
8%
Disability
healthier than 15%
7%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Findings that name this ZIP
2 of our published findings list this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.
Below what income predicts
The ZIP codes that outlive their incomes
Estimated life expectancy is 73.6 ± 0.9 years. A median household income of $42,872 predicts 76.7 years — 3.1 years below.
Ranked #4,267 of the 5,842 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above what income predicts, highest first.
Below its nearby ZIPs
The ZIP codes that outlive their neighbors
Estimated life expectancy is 73.6 ± 0.9 years. The 46 nearest ZIP codes with estimates average 77.4 years — 3.8 years below them.
Ranked #2,912 of the 3,687 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above the nearby-ZIP average, highest first.
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
44102
Ohioshares a border
Score 36.12
Closest healthier
44113
Ohioshares a border
Score 52.46
Similar health profile
44310
Ohio98% similar profile
Score 32.47
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 27.4% | 25.2–29.7 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 37.5% | 34.8–40.3 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 6.4% | 5.9–7.0 |
| Current asthma among adults | 12.1% | 10.9–13.4 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 7.4% | 6.7–8.1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 9.8% | 8.9–10.8 |
| Depression among adults | 26.5% | 23.8–29.3 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 15.0% | 13.5–16.7 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 37.5% | 34.9–40.3 |
| Obesity among adults | 39.8% | 35.9–43.9 |
| Stroke among adults | 4.2% | 3.9–4.5 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 21.2% | 18.2–24.3 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 16.5% | 14.7–18.4 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 74.8% | 72.2–77.3 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 76.3% | 73.5–78.9 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 82.2% | 80.3–83.9 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 58.6% | 54.9–62.2 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 51.8% | 49.0–54.6 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 71.7% | 66.0–76.8 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 18.3% | 15.9–20.8 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 21.4% | 19.3–23.9 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 32.7% | 29.7–36.2 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 41.4% | 38.0–44.9 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 28.1% | 25.8–30.8 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 19.6% | 17.7–21.6 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 17.1% | 15.5–18.9 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 18.6% | 16.9–20.5 |
| Any disability among adults | 36.8% | 33.8–40.1 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 7.1% | 6.4–7.8 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 11.7% | 10.6–12.9 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 18.2% | 16.5–20.1 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 6.0% | 5.6–6.5 |
| Vision disability among adults | 8.4% | 7.8–9.1 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 25.2% | 22.1–28.3 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 28.6% | 25.8–31.4 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 25.7% | 23.0–28.3 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 21.2% | 18.8–23.5 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 14.1% | 12.6–15.6 |
| Loneliness among adults | 40.0% | 35.9–44.1 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 15.9% | 14.1–17.7 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 25.8% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.7% (3.5–26.2%) n=1,177 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 12.5% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.8% (2.5–18.1%) n=1,174 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 18.1% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 7.5% (2.3–17.0%) n=1,179 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 17.3% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 19.7% (8.1–45.8%) n=1,179 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 10.0% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 3.7% (0.0–9.8%) n=1,171 |
| Households without a vehicle | 16.6% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.4% (0.0–14.5%) n=1,177 |
| Broadband subscription | 88.2% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 88.9% (76.5–96.0%) n=1,177 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 35.7% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 21.3% (11.2–34.6%) n=1,177 |
| Homeownership rate | 46.8% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 78.3% (52.8–91.8%) n=1,177 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 1.3% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 0.8% (0.0–3.5%) n=1,177 |
| Foreign-born population | 7.4% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 1.0% (0.0–6.8%) n=1,180 |
| Single-parent households | 39.6% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 53.2% (36.6–68.1%) n=1,168 |
| Population 65+ | 12.4% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 19.0% (11.1–27.2%) n=1,180 |
| Median age | 36.3 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 41.5 yr (33.2–50.5) n=1,169 |
| Median household income | $42,872 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $70,500 ($46,328–$101,197) n=1,127 |
| Median home value | $122,200 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $177,700 ($104,860–$310,980) n=1,117 |
| Median gross rent | $905 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $907 ($714–$1,294) n=1,007 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 73.6 yr ± 0.47 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.9 yr (74.0–81.3) n=1,154 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.47 years of 73.6, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured