ZIP code
95648
in Lincoln, CaliforniaPopulation 57,459
56.86/ 100
Ranked #7,406 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 23%)
Ranked #676 of 1,719 California ZIPs (top 39%)
Ranked #41 of 122 Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA ZIPs (top 34%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Air-toxics cancer risk
48 per million
in the top 1.2% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST91stUS99thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air toxics, in cases per million people exposed over a lifetime.
Full methodology ›Fine-particle (PM2.5) exceedance
2.7%
in the top 3.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST73rdUS97thDefinition & source ›
The share of days in the year when modeled fine-particle (PM2.5) pollution was above the EPA’s daily limit of 35 micrograms per cubic meter.
Full methodology ›Subsidized affordable housing
643 units
in the top 3.2% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST92ndUS97thDefinition & source ›
The number of affordable rental units in this ZIP supported by the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program.
Full methodology ›Dry extreme heat
82.7 days/year
in the top 4.6% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST83rdUS95thDefinition & source ›
The average number of days per year with a modeled daily high of at least 95 °F.
Full methodology ›Nitrate in drinking water
1.5%
in the top 6.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST86thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The modeled share of this area’s domestic-well groundwater at or above the federal nitrate limit of 10 milligrams per liter.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Tooth loss
7.3%
in the bottom 9.6% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST26thUS10thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults aged 65 and older who have lost all of their natural teeth.
Full methodology ›The read
By the composite health measure, Lincoln, California (ZIP 95648) ranks in the top 23% healthiest ZIPs nationally (7,406th) and the top 39% of California (676th).
The signals balance out across the profile, strengths against concerns: subsidized affordable housing registers in the top 3.2% nationally, and modeled obesity rests in the bottom 10.7% nationally. Lead in tap water stands in the bottom 11.4% nationally, and modeled short sleep lies in the bottom 13.0% nationally. Set against that, modeled air-toxics cancer risk lands in the top 1.2% nationally, fine-particle sits in the top 3.0% nationally, and extreme heat is in the top 4.6% nationally. Modeled nitrate settles in the top 6.0% nationally, PFOS in drinking water resides in the top 11.6% nationally, and modeled disaster risk registers in the top 12.4% nationally.
Read against the ZIPs closest to it, park land runs far lower than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. To spell things out, air-toxics cancer risk is a modeled EPA estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air, per million people. Fine-particle is fine airborne particles about one-thirtieth the width of a hair, counted on modeled days above the EPA standard. Nitrate is a groundwater compound from fertilizer, manure, and sewage, here a modeled estimate of the chance private-well levels exceed a benchmark. Close by, ZIP 95650, just across the boundary, ranks healthier overall.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Sacramento-Roseville-Folsom, CA metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 67%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 83%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 71%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 92%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 78%
8%
Disability
healthier than 65%
7%
About typical
Healthcare Access
healthier than 55%
5%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 7%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 17%
5%
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 77%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 86%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 85%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 75%
8%
Disability
healthier than 60%
7%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 32%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 28%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 15%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 34%
5%
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 76%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 83%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 87%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 90%
8%
About typical
Disability
healthier than 56%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 44%
5%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 31%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 33%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 35%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Findings that name this ZIP
2 of our published findings list this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.
Heavy environment, light chronic burden
Where the environment and chronic illness point in opposite directions
Environmental-hazard standing 6.7 (bottom 10%); chronic-disease standing 67.0 — 60 points apart, heavier on the environment than it is on chronic illness.
Ranked #15,450 of the 18,187 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by the gap from cleanest environment to heaviest chronic burden, highest first.
Highest-risk tenth
Air toxics and the years between the two ends of the risk scale
Modeled air-toxics cancer risk is 48.0 cases per million — among the tenth of compared ZIP codes with the most. Estimated life expectancy is 80.8 ± 1.4 years.
Ranked #232 of the 4,173 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by modeled air-toxics risk, highest first.
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
95602
Californiashares a border
Score 56.28
Closest healthier
95650
Californiashares a border
Score 59.62
Similar health profile
93626
California97% similar profile
Score 56.49
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 28.4% | 25.2–31.8 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 36.3% | 32.3–40.4 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 11.2% | 10.2–12.2 |
| Current asthma among adults | 10.0% | 8.8–11.2 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 7.2% | 6.5–8.1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 6.1% | 5.4–6.9 |
| Depression among adults | 21.0% | 17.9–24.5 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 11.0% | 9.5–12.7 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 38.8% | 34.6–43.3 |
| Obesity among adults | 27.7% | 21.9–34.0 |
| Stroke among adults | 3.7% | 3.4–4.1 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 7.3% | 5.8–9.1 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 7.0% | 5.9–8.0 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 76.4% | 73.3–79.3 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 76.5% | 73.0–79.9 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 89.3% | 88.0–90.5 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 66.7% | 62.1–71.3 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 68.8% | 65.7–71.9 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 79.2% | 72.7–84.9 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 14.7% | 12.2–17.5 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 9.6% | 8.3–11.2 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 21.1% | 17.6–24.9 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 30.7% | 25.6–36.2 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 18.5% | 16.2–21.1 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 15.0% | 13.4–16.9 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 13.5% | 11.9–15.3 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 12.5% | 11.1–14.1 |
| Any disability among adults | 30.2% | 26.3–34.2 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 7.9% | 7.0–8.8 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 7.6% | 6.8–8.5 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 14.5% | 12.6–16.6 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 3.5% | 3.1–3.8 |
| Vision disability among adults | 4.6% | 4.1–5.0 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 22.9% | 19.7–26.3 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 11.0% | 9.4–12.7 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 10.1% | 8.8–11.5 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 9.4% | 8.1–10.8 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 6.4% | 5.7–7.2 |
| Loneliness among adults | 31.6% | 27.0–36.4 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 5.2% | 4.5–6.0 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | CA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 6.6% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.6% (4.1–24.9%) n=1,714 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 3.5% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.7% (1.7–17.9%) n=1,704 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 5.8% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 9.8% (1.4–30.9%) n=1,729 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 39.5% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 31.3% (9.9–68.2%) n=1,729 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 3.9% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 6.1% (0.8–12.0%) n=1,714 |
| Households without a vehicle | 2.2% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.5% (0.0–12.2%) n=1,708 |
| Broadband subscription | 93.4% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 93.4% (82.1–98.4%) n=1,708 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 34.9% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 38.6% (24.4–50.5%) n=1,708 |
| Homeownership rate | 84.3% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 64.1% (31.9–86.4%) n=1,708 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 2.5% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 4.8% (0.0–15.9%) n=1,708 |
| Foreign-born population | 11.4% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 18.9% (3.0–40.4%) n=1,730 |
| Single-parent households | 51.9% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 48.4% (35.1–72.3%) n=1,692 |
| Population 65+ | 26.5% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 17.0% (9.7–35.7%) n=1,730 |
| Median age | 43.2 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 40.1 yr (31.8–57.0) n=1,712 |
| Median household income | $112,333 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $93,448 ($54,188–$159,562) n=1,584 |
| Median home value | $657,800 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $659,800 ($300,520–$1,493,340) n=1,593 |
| Median gross rent | $2,103 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $1,912 ($1,113–$2,923) n=1,461 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | CA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 80.8 yr ± 0.70 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 80.5 yr (76.7–83.8) n=1,665 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.70 years of 80.8, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured