ZIP code
45044
in Middletown, OhioPopulation 56,217
44.07/ 100
Ranked #23,345 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 27%)
Ranked #793 of 1,176 Ohio ZIPs (bottom 33%)
Ranked #118 of 156 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN ZIPs (bottom 24%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Industrial-pollution burden
in the top 2.2% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST98thUS98thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›Subsidized affordable housing
667 units
in the top 3.0% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST96thUS97thDefinition & source ›
The number of affordable rental units in this ZIP supported by the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program.
Full methodology ›Expected annual disaster loss
$0
in the top 4.5% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS96thDefinition & source ›
FEMA’s modeled estimate, in dollars per year, of the average harm to people expected from natural hazards — an annualized average, not a forecast for any single year.
Full methodology ›Transit access
4.1 per 1,000 residents
in the top 7.0% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST91stUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The number of public-transit stops inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Natural-disaster risk
in the top 10.4% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS90thDefinition & source ›
This area’s national rank on its single highest non-flood natural hazard — such as wildfire, tornado, or earthquake — in FEMA’s modeled National Risk Index; flooding is shown separately.
Full methodology ›The read
By its overall health score, ZIP 45044, one of several in Middletown, Ohio lands in the bottom 27% nationally (23,345th) and the bottom 33% of Ohio (793rd).
The burdens that read clearest in the data come first: modeled industrial-pollution burden registers in the top 2.2% nationally, and expected annual loss sits in the top 4.5% nationally. Modeled disaster risk rests in the top 10.4% nationally, and distance to a Superfund site is in the bottom 14.3% nationally. Distance to a hazardous-chemical facility stands at the national minimum, shared with about 31% of ZIPs. Better still, subsidized affordable housing settles in the top 3.0% nationally, and transit lies in the top 7.0% nationally. Distance to a community health center resides at the national minimum, shared with about 23% of ZIPs. Mental-health providers lands in the top 12.1% nationally. Distance to a nursing home registers at the national minimum, shared with about 27% of ZIPs.
Weighed against the ZIPs nearby, industrial-pollution burden runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. To translate a couple of terms, industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. Expected annual loss is FEMA's modeled estimate, in dollars, of average yearly harm to people from natural hazards. Disaster risk is the area's national rank on its highest non-flood peril in FEMA's modeled Risk Index, like wildfire or quake. Overall, the nearest healthier neighbor is ZIP 45005, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 92%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 46%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 48%
16%
Disability
healthier than 50%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 54%
5%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
in the bottom 1.0%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 39%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 14%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 15%
8%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 62%
21%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 92%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 55%
16%
Disability
healthier than 43%
7%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 1%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 26%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 28%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 31%
8%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 20%
5%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 91%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 46%
21%
Holding it back
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 36%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 3%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 17%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 21%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 28%
8%
Disability
healthier than 36%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 34%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Findings that name this ZIP
2 of our published findings list this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.
Below what income predicts
The ZIP codes that outlive their incomes
Estimated life expectancy is 75.2 ± 0.9 years. A median household income of $73,732 predicts 78.9 years — 3.7 years below.
Ranked #4,838 of the 5,842 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above what income predicts, highest first.
Below its nearby ZIPs
The ZIP codes that outlive their neighbors
Estimated life expectancy is 75.2 ± 0.9 years. The 49 nearest ZIP codes with estimates average 78.4 years — 3.2 years below them.
Ranked #2,501 of the 3,687 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above the nearby-ZIP average, highest first.
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
45005
Ohioshares a border
Score 48.10
Closest healthier
45011
Ohioshares a border
Score 47.35
Similar health profile
17578
Pennsylvania97% similar profile
Score 45.90
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 28.1% | 25.5–30.7 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 36.4% | 33.2–39.6 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 7.7% | 7.0–8.4 |
| Current asthma among adults | 11.4% | 10.2–12.7 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 6.9% | 6.3–7.5 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 8.5% | 7.7–9.3 |
| Depression among adults | 26.7% | 23.6–30.0 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 13.6% | 12.1–15.1 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 34.9% | 31.7–38.2 |
| Obesity among adults | 41.7% | 36.5–47.0 |
| Stroke among adults | 3.6% | 3.4–3.9 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 19.7% | 16.7–22.7 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 9.6% | 8.4–10.9 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 77.2% | 74.6–79.5 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 79.9% | 76.9–82.5 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 84.4% | 82.8–86.0 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 62.0% | 57.4–66.2 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 59.1% | 55.9–62.0 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 76.3% | 69.4–82.0 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 17.8% | 15.2–20.6 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 17.6% | 15.6–19.6 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 30.5% | 27.0–34.2 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 38.5% | 33.6–43.2 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 22.0% | 19.8–24.2 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 19.0% | 17.2–21.0 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 14.8% | 13.3–16.4 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 15.5% | 14.1–17.1 |
| Any disability among adults | 29.7% | 26.6–33.0 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 6.4% | 5.8–7.1 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 9.2% | 8.4–10.1 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 14.1% | 12.6–15.6 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 4.4% | 4.1–4.7 |
| Vision disability among adults | 5.6% | 5.2–6.1 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 22.5% | 19.3–25.8 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 18.2% | 16.0–20.5 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 16.3% | 14.4–18.3 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 14.1% | 12.3–16.0 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 9.7% | 8.6–10.8 |
| Loneliness among adults | 36.1% | 31.5–41.0 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 10.5% | 9.3–11.9 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 13.6% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.7% (3.5–26.2%) n=1,177 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 9.0% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.8% (2.5–18.1%) n=1,174 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 11.7% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 7.5% (2.3–17.0%) n=1,179 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 29.8% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 19.7% (8.1–45.8%) n=1,179 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 5.4% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 3.7% (0.0–9.8%) n=1,171 |
| Households without a vehicle | 5.4% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.4% (0.0–14.5%) n=1,177 |
| Broadband subscription | 90.7% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 88.9% (76.5–96.0%) n=1,177 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 28.6% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 21.3% (11.2–34.6%) n=1,177 |
| Homeownership rate | 61.9% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 78.3% (52.8–91.8%) n=1,177 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 2.9% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 0.8% (0.0–3.5%) n=1,177 |
| Foreign-born population | 6.3% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 1.0% (0.0–6.8%) n=1,180 |
| Single-parent households | 44.3% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 53.2% (36.6–68.1%) n=1,168 |
| Population 65+ | 14.1% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 19.0% (11.1–27.2%) n=1,180 |
| Median age | 36.8 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 41.5 yr (33.2–50.5) n=1,169 |
| Median household income | $73,732 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $70,500 ($46,328–$101,197) n=1,127 |
| Median home value | $241,600 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $177,700 ($104,860–$310,980) n=1,117 |
| Median gross rent | $1,076 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $907 ($714–$1,294) n=1,007 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 75.2 yr ± 0.47 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.9 yr (74.0–81.3) n=1,154 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.47 years of 75.2, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured