ZIP code
43512
in Defiance, OhioPopulation 28,022
50.37/ 100
Ranked #15,741 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 49%)
Ranked #407 of 1,176 Ohio ZIPs (top 35%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Industrial-pollution burden
in the top 7.9% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST81stUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›Lithium in drinking water
10 µg/L
in the bottom 8.5% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST10thUS8thDefinition & source ›
The average detected level of lithium — a natural trace metal with no federal drinking-water limit yet — across the public water systems serving this ZIP, in micrograms per liter.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Expected annual disaster loss
$0
in the top 16% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST94thUS84thDefinition & source ›
FEMA’s modeled estimate, in dollars per year, of the average harm to people expected from natural hazards — an annualized average, not a forecast for any single year.
Full methodology ›Arsenic in groundwater
1.7%
in the bottom 18% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST3rdUS18thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that untreated groundwater in this area — the source private wells draw on — exceeds the federal arsenic limit of 10 micrograms per liter.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Natural-disaster risk
in the top 26% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST95thUS74thDefinition & source ›
This area’s national rank on its single highest non-flood natural hazard — such as wildfire, tornado, or earthquake — in FEMA’s modeled National Risk Index; flooding is shown separately.
Full methodology ›The read
Judged by its overall standing, Defiance, Ohio (ZIP 43512) sits in the top 49% healthiest ZIPs nationally (15,741st) and the top 35% of Ohio (407th).
A healthy showing across the board, and a few measures carry it: distance to an emergency room rests at the national minimum, shared with about 11% of ZIPs. Lithium in drinking water settles in the bottom 8.5% nationally. Distance to a community health center lands at the national minimum, shared with about 23% of ZIPs. Subsidized affordable housing rests in the top 12.9% nationally. Distance to a nursing home settles at the national minimum, shared with about 27% of ZIPs. Modeled arsenic lands in the bottom 18% nationally. On the other hand, modeled industrial-pollution burden rests in the top 7.9% nationally. Distance to a hazardous-chemical facility settles at the national minimum, shared with about 31% of ZIPs. Modeled expected annual loss lands in the top 16% nationally, and pfas rests in the top 17% nationally.
Placed beside its immediate neighbors, industrial-pollution burden runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. Put plainly, industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. Lithium in drinking water is a natural metal that dissolves into some groundwater and has no federal drinking-water limit yet. Distance to a hazardous-chemical facility is a plant handling large amounts of hazardous chemicals that must file an EPA risk-management plan for accidental releases. A healthier nearby ZIP overall is ZIP 43519, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Preventive Care
healthier than 61%
13%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 69%
5%
Healthcare Access
in the top 0.00%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 43%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 57%
16%
Disability
healthier than 58%
7%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 30%
14%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 33%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 35%
8%
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 64%
16%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 62%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 75%
8%
Healthcare Access
in the top 0.00%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 58%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 51%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 60%
13%
Disability
healthier than 53%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 46%
5%
Nothing measured is holding this score back.
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
43506
Ohioshares a border
Score 44.93
Closest healthier
43519
Ohioshares a border
Score 54.36
Similar health profile
43410
Ohio96% similar profile
Score 49.48
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 31.8% | 28.5–35.2 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 38.2% | 34.1–42.3 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 9.7% | 8.9–10.7 |
| Current asthma among adults | 10.7% | 9.5–12.0 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 7.8% | 7.1–8.6 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 8.5% | 7.6–9.4 |
| Depression among adults | 25.0% | 21.5–28.7 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 13.8% | 12.1–15.7 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 37.6% | 33.4–41.7 |
| Obesity among adults | 35.7% | 28.4–43.3 |
| Stroke among adults | 3.8% | 3.5–4.1 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 14.7% | 12.2–17.6 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 9.1% | 7.8–10.4 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 80.3% | 77.8–82.7 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 80.0% | 76.6–83.1 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 86.5% | 84.9–88.1 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 68.0% | 63.5–72.6 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 61.4% | 57.8–64.9 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 75.4% | 68.2–81.9 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 16.0% | 13.1–19.0 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 16.0% | 13.8–18.2 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 28.2% | 24.0–32.7 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 38.1% | 32.1–44.8 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 19.8% | 17.4–22.2 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 17.1% | 15.2–19.1 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 14.6% | 13.0–16.4 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 14.0% | 12.5–15.5 |
| Any disability among adults | 30.9% | 27.0–35.0 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 7.7% | 6.8–8.5 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 8.1% | 7.3–9.0 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 14.6% | 12.8–16.4 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 3.8% | 3.5–4.2 |
| Vision disability among adults | 4.9% | 4.5–5.3 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 21.4% | 18.2–24.6 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 13.2% | 11.3–15.3 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 10.3% | 8.8–11.9 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 10.6% | 9.1–12.2 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 7.2% | 6.3–8.1 |
| Loneliness among adults | 33.6% | 28.5–38.6 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 7.4% | 6.4–8.4 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 11.9% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.7% (3.5–26.2%) n=1,177 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 8.2% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.8% (2.5–18.1%) n=1,174 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 7.2% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 7.5% (2.3–17.0%) n=1,179 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 19.2% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 19.7% (8.1–45.8%) n=1,179 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 5.7% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 3.7% (0.0–9.8%) n=1,171 |
| Households without a vehicle | 4.7% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.4% (0.0–14.5%) n=1,177 |
| Broadband subscription | 87.9% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 88.9% (76.5–96.0%) n=1,177 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 17.2% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 21.3% (11.2–34.6%) n=1,177 |
| Homeownership rate | 77.4% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 78.3% (52.8–91.8%) n=1,177 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 1.3% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 0.8% (0.0–3.5%) n=1,177 |
| Foreign-born population | 1.0% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 1.0% (0.0–6.8%) n=1,180 |
| Single-parent households | 63.0% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 53.2% (36.6–68.1%) n=1,168 |
| Population 65+ | 22.3% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 19.0% (11.1–27.2%) n=1,180 |
| Median age | 44.0 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 41.5 yr (33.2–50.5) n=1,169 |
| Median household income | $71,841 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $70,500 ($46,328–$101,197) n=1,127 |
| Median home value | $158,800 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $177,700 ($104,860–$310,980) n=1,117 |
| Median gross rent | $860 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $907 ($714–$1,294) n=1,007 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 77.8 yr ± 0.55 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.9 yr (74.0–81.3) n=1,154 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.55 years of 77.8, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured