ZIP code
23231
in Henrico, VirginiaPopulation 38,544
50.95/ 100
Ranked #14,921 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 47%)
Ranked #423 of 873 Virginia ZIPs (top 48%)
Ranked #60 of 93 Richmond, VA ZIPs (bottom 35%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Industrial-pollution burden
in the top 0.10% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS99thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›Air-toxics cancer risk
81.4 per million
in the top 0.2% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS99thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air toxics, in cases per million people exposed over a lifetime.
Full methodology ›Subsidized affordable housing
1,555 units
in the top 0.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST99thUS99thDefinition & source ›
The number of affordable rental units in this ZIP supported by the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program.
Full methodology ›Distance to a Superfund site
1.3 mi
in the bottom 8.2% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST7thUS8thDefinition & source ›
The distance in miles from this ZIP’s edge to the nearest Superfund site — an abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste site the EPA has listed for cleanup.
Full methodology ›Hearing disability
5.4%
in the bottom 10.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST14thUS10thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults who are deaf or have serious difficulty hearing.
Full methodology ›Natural-disaster risk
in the top 13.4% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST98thUS87thDefinition & source ›
This area’s national rank on its single highest non-flood natural hazard — such as wildfire, tornado, or earthquake — in FEMA’s modeled National Risk Index; flooding is shown separately.
Full methodology ›PFAS in drinking water
49.8%
in the top 13.5% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST91stUS87thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that PFAS “forever chemicals” would be detected in untreated groundwater in this area, the source private wells draw on.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Housing insecurity
16.6%
in the top 15% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST91stUS85thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults who experienced housing insecurity in the past 12 months.
Full methodology ›High cholesterol
35.2%
in the bottom 21% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST10thUS21stDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults with high cholesterol, among those who have ever been screened for it.
Full methodology ›Dry extreme heat
8.3 days/year
in the top 39% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST93rdUS61stDefinition & source ›
The average number of days per year with a modeled daily high of at least 95 °F.
Full methodology ›The read
On the composite measure, ZIP 23231, one of several in Henrico, Virginia stands in the top 47% healthiest ZIPs nationally (14,921st) and the top 48% of Virginia (423rd).
A profile of give and take, with clear readings each way: subsidized affordable housing stands in the top 0.6% nationally, and modeled hearing disability sits in the bottom 10.0% nationally. Distance to a community health center resides at the national minimum, shared with about 23% of ZIPs. Modeled binge drinking stands in the bottom 11.4% nationally, and mammography sits in the top 12.3% nationally. On the other side, modeled industrial-pollution burden resides in the top 0.10% nationally, modeled air-toxics cancer risk stands in the top 0.2% nationally, and distance to a Superfund site sits in the bottom 8.2% nationally. Modeled disaster risk resides in the top 13.4% nationally, and pfas stands in the top 13.5% nationally.
Set beside the wider area around it, industrial-pollution burden runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. For clarity, industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. Air-toxics cancer risk is a modeled EPA estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air, per million people. Distance to a Superfund site is an abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste site the EPA has identified for cleanup. ZIP 23836, just across the boundary, ranks better overall among the ZIPs nearby.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Richmond, VA metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 64%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 82%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 62%
11%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 79%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 53%
21%
Mental Health
healthier than 58%
8%
Disability
healthier than 52%
7%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
in the bottom 0.7%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 31%
5%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 69%
21%
Preventive Care
healthier than 69%
13%
Mental Health
healthier than 65%
8%
Disability
healthier than 62%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 89%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 56%
16%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 54%
11%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
in the bottom 0.2%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 16%
5%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 81%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 51%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 45%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 54%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 51%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 53%
8%
Disability
healthier than 42%
7%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 1%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 20%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Findings that name this ZIP
3 of our published findings list this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.
Below what income predicts
The ZIP codes that outlive their incomes
Estimated life expectancy is 77.7 ± 1.1 years. A median household income of $76,505 predicts 79.0 years — 1.4 years below.
Ranked #1,707 of the 5,842 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above what income predicts, highest first.
Heavy environment, light chronic burden
Where the environment and chronic illness point in opposite directions
Environmental-hazard standing 0.7 (bottom 1%); chronic-disease standing 53.0 — 52 points apart, heavier on the environment than it is on chronic illness.
Ranked #14,618 of the 18,187 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by the gap from cleanest environment to heaviest chronic burden, highest first.
Highest-risk tenth
Air toxics and the years between the two ends of the risk scale
Modeled air-toxics cancer risk is 81.4 cases per million — among the tenth of compared ZIP codes with the most. Estimated life expectancy is 77.7 ± 1.1 years.
Ranked #15 of the 4,173 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by modeled air-toxics risk, highest first.
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
23030
Virginiashares a border
Score 45.23
Closest healthier
23836
Virginiashares a border
Score 55.83
Similar health profile
29302
South Carolina92% similar profile
Score 51.29
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 27.6% | 25.0–30.3 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 41.0% | 37.7–44.4 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 6.7% | 6.1–7.3 |
| Current asthma among adults | 12.0% | 10.8–13.4 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 6.0% | 5.4–6.5 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 6.5% | 5.9–7.2 |
| Depression among adults | 21.0% | 18.4–23.8 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 14.5% | 12.9–16.2 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 35.2% | 32.0–38.7 |
| Obesity among adults | 38.7% | 33.7–44.1 |
| Stroke among adults | 3.9% | 3.6–4.2 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 13.2% | 11.2–15.5 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 8.7% | 7.6–10.0 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 78.3% | 75.9–80.7 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 81.5% | 79.0–84.1 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 88.4% | 87.0–89.7 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 70.1% | 66.4–73.6 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 64.5% | 61.6–67.2 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 79.8% | 74.6–84.3 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 12.7% | 10.8–15.0 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 14.0% | 12.4–15.9 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 24.7% | 21.6–28.0 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 40.6% | 36.4–44.9 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 20.7% | 18.6–23.0 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 17.4% | 15.8–19.2 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 13.4% | 12.1–14.9 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 15.3% | 13.9–17.0 |
| Any disability among adults | 33.1% | 29.7–36.5 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 5.4% | 4.9–6.0 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 9.0% | 8.2–10.0 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 15.6% | 13.9–17.3 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 4.4% | 4.1–4.8 |
| Vision disability among adults | 5.7% | 5.2–6.2 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 25.2% | 22.1–28.4 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 18.6% | 16.5–20.8 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 17.1% | 15.3–19.1 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 16.6% | 14.7–18.6 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 10.3% | 9.3–11.4 |
| Loneliness among adults | 36.4% | 32.2–40.5 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 11.3% | 10.0–12.6 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | VA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 9.8% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 9.2% (2.0–22.9%) n=863 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 9.4% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 8.3% (0.0–19.2%) n=861 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 7.7% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 9.2% (1.9–20.7%) n=872 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 28.3% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 26.0% (9.2–59.8%) n=872 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 5.1% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 3.2% (0.0–8.2%) n=860 |
| Households without a vehicle | 7.6% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 3.6% (0.0–11.3%) n=862 |
| Broadband subscription | 89.9% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 87.9% (69.5–97.9%) n=862 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 35.3% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 23.1% (10.8–38.1%) n=862 |
| Homeownership rate | 67.0% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 78.1% (52.2–95.9%) n=862 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 1.1% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 0.7% (0.0–4.0%) n=862 |
| Foreign-born population | 3.6% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 2.9% (0.0–17.0%) n=874 |
| Single-parent households | 49.1% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 54.3% (38.2–78.2%) n=855 |
| Population 65+ | 17.4% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 20.5% (10.8–37.3%) n=874 |
| Median age | 42.8 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 43.6 yr (34.0–59.2) n=864 |
| Median household income | $76,505 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $73,854 ($46,504–$141,698) n=804 |
| Median home value | $297,800 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $274,800 ($123,240–$642,380) n=789 |
| Median gross rent | $1,361 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $1,144 ($742–$2,191) n=615 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | VA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 77.7 yr ± 0.57 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.6 yr (74.5–81.4) n=826 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.57 years of 77.7, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured