ZIP code
94931
in Cotati, CaliforniaPopulation 9,487
59.03/ 100
Ranked #5,577 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 17%)
Ranked #557 of 1,719 California ZIPs (top 32%)
Ranked #25 of 34 Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA ZIPs (bottom 26%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Lead in tap water
0 ppb
at the national minimum
Lower is healthier
US1stDefinition & source ›
The lead level at the 90th percentile of tap-water samples reported by the public water systems serving this ZIP, in parts per billion — the EPA requires action above 15 ppb.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Loud transportation noise
2.7%
in the top 4.6% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST72ndUS95thDefinition & source ›
The modeled share of residents exposed to average road, rail, and aviation noise at or above 65 decibels — around the volume of normal conversation.
Full methodology ›Transit access
5.2 per 1,000 residents
in the top 4.8% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST95thUS95thDefinition & source ›
The number of public-transit stops inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Obesity
26.2%
in the bottom 7.6% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST34thUS8thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults with obesity, defined as a body-mass index of 30 or higher.
Full methodology ›Child-care access
0.66 per 1,000 residents
in the top 5.9% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST96thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of child day-care services inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Arsenic in groundwater
19.4%
in the top 6.8% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST92ndUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that untreated groundwater in this area — the source private wells draw on — exceeds the federal arsenic limit of 10 micrograms per liter.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Outer-floodplain exposure
5.0%
in the top 7.3% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST84thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area inside FEMA’s 0.2%-annual-chance flood band — the “500-year” zone, a lower but real 1-in-500 yearly chance.
Measured from FEMA’s mapped flood panels. Where a panel has not been mapped, no value is published for that ZIP — those ZIPs are absent from this comparison rather than counted as unexposed.
Full methodology ›Transportation noise
10.5%
in the top 7.9% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST76thUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The modeled share of residents exposed to average road, rail, and aviation noise at or above 55 decibels — a noticeable background presence.
Full methodology ›Industrial-pollution burden
in the bottom 8.9% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST17thUS9thDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›PFAS in drinking water
56.2%
in the top 9.7% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST91stUS90thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that PFAS “forever chemicals” would be detected in untreated groundwater in this area, the source private wells draw on.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›The read
On the composite measure, Cotati, California (ZIP 94931) stands in the top 17% healthiest ZIPs nationally (5,577th) and the top 32% of California (557th).
Several of the strongest readings define how this area looks: lead in tap water lands at the national minimum, and transit settles in the top 4.8% nationally. Modeled obesity rests in the bottom 7.6% nationally, and childcare lands in the top 5.9% nationally. Modeled industrial-pollution burden settles in the bottom 8.9% nationally. On the other hand, modeled loud transportation noise rests in the top 4.6% nationally, modeled arsenic lands in the top 6.8% nationally, and outer-floodplain exposure settles in the top 7.3% nationally. Modeled transportation noise rests in the top 7.9% nationally, and pfas lands in the top 9.7% nationally.
Set beside the wider area around it, outer-floodplain exposure runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. For clarity, lead in tap water is the EPA trigger, 15 parts per billion in tap samples, above which a water system must act on lead. Arsenic is a natural groundwater contaminant, here a modeled estimate of the chance private-well levels exceed a benchmark. Industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. ZIP 94928, just across the boundary, ranks better overall among the ZIPs nearby.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 89%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 77%
16%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 79%
11%
Disability
healthier than 77%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 85%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 60%
5%
About typical
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 40%
14%
Holding it back
Preventive Care
healthier than 38%
13%
Mental Health
healthier than 36%
8%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 67%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 72%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 67%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 60%
13%
Disability
healthier than 72%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 68%
5%
About typical
Risk Behavior
healthier than 59%
11%
Holding it back
Mental Health
healthier than 27%
8%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 38%
5%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 94%
21%
Disability
healthier than 75%
7%
About typical
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 53%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 47%
5%
Holding it back
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 22%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 19%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 13%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 13%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 9%
8%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
94928
Californiashares a border
Score 59.79
Closest healthier
94951
Californiashares a border
Score 60.93
Similar health profile
91942
California99% similar profile
Score 59.17
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 22.8% | 20.2–25.7 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 29.0% | 25.6–32.6 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 8.1% | 7.3–8.9 |
| Current asthma among adults | 10.4% | 9.2–11.7 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 5.4% | 4.8–6.0 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 5.5% | 4.8–6.2 |
| Depression among adults | 24.9% | 21.5–28.6 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 9.5% | 8.2–10.9 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 32.8% | 29.0–36.8 |
| Obesity among adults | 26.2% | 20.8–32.4 |
| Stroke among adults | 2.9% | 2.7–3.2 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 7.8% | 6.3–9.8 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 6.6% | 5.6–7.8 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 71.0% | 67.5–74.3 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 71.8% | 67.8–75.6 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 86.6% | 84.8–88.3 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 65.0% | 60.2–69.9 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 67.7% | 64.5–71.2 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 77.6% | 70.8–83.9 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 17.2% | 14.2–20.4 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 11.0% | 9.3–12.8 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 19.2% | 16.0–22.7 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 34.1% | 28.9–40.0 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 17.3% | 15.0–19.7 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 17.1% | 15.1–19.1 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 12.7% | 11.1–14.3 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 13.6% | 12.0–15.3 |
| Any disability among adults | 27.6% | 23.9–31.3 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 5.7% | 5.1–6.4 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 7.5% | 6.6–8.4 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 12.5% | 10.8–14.2 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 3.3% | 3.0–3.6 |
| Vision disability among adults | 4.2% | 3.8–4.6 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 23.4% | 20.2–26.8 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 11.6% | 9.9–13.5 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 10.8% | 9.2–12.4 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 10.7% | 9.2–12.3 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 7.2% | 6.3–8.1 |
| Loneliness among adults | 32.1% | 27.6–36.8 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 5.9% | 5.1–6.7 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | CA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 8.6% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.6% (4.1–24.9%) n=1,714 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 7.4% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.7% (1.7–17.9%) n=1,704 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 3.5% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 9.8% (1.4–30.9%) n=1,729 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 36.1% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 31.3% (9.9–68.2%) n=1,729 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 3.4% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 6.1% (0.8–12.0%) n=1,714 |
| Households without a vehicle | 4.9% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.5% (0.0–12.2%) n=1,708 |
| Broadband subscription | 93.0% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 93.4% (82.1–98.4%) n=1,708 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 34.6% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 38.6% (24.4–50.5%) n=1,708 |
| Homeownership rate | 59.2% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 64.1% (31.9–86.4%) n=1,708 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 3.0% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 4.8% (0.0–15.9%) n=1,708 |
| Foreign-born population | 11.5% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 18.9% (3.0–40.4%) n=1,730 |
| Single-parent households | 53.5% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 48.4% (35.1–72.3%) n=1,692 |
| Population 65+ | 18.2% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 17.0% (9.7–35.7%) n=1,730 |
| Median age | 39.2 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 40.1 yr (31.8–57.0) n=1,712 |
| Median household income | $101,994 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $93,448 ($54,188–$159,562) n=1,584 |
| Median home value | $820,000 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $659,800 ($300,520–$1,493,340) n=1,593 |
| Median gross rent | $1,913 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $1,912 ($1,113–$2,923) n=1,461 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | CA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 79.2 yr ± 0.81 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 80.5 yr (76.7–83.8) n=1,665 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.81 years of 79.2, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured