ZIP code
91978
in Spring Valley, CaliforniaPopulation 10,014
57.12/ 100
Ranked #7,161 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 22%)
Ranked #666 of 1,719 California ZIPs (top 39%)
Ranked #70 of 106 San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA ZIPs (bottom 34%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Park land
35.3%
in the top 3.9% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST88thUS96thDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area that is public parkland.
Full methodology ›Distance to a Superfund site
44.2 mi
in the top 16% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST94thUS84thDefinition & source ›
The distance in miles from this ZIP’s edge to the nearest Superfund site — an abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste site the EPA has listed for cleanup.
Full methodology ›The read
In overall standing, ZIP 91978, one of several in Spring Valley, California comes out in the top 22% healthiest ZIPs nationally (7,161st) and the top 39% of California (666th).
Several readings land clearly in this area's favor and shape the picture: park land is in the top 3.9% nationally, modeled obesity resides in the bottom 10.5% nationally, and modeled hearing disability rests in the bottom 12.1% nationally. Transit lies in the top 13.3% nationally, and modeled high blood pressure sits in the bottom 12.1% nationally. Set against that, unemployment settles in the top 11.3% nationally, and modeled disaster risk registers in the top 12.3% nationally. Housing-cost burden stands in the top 12.6% nationally, and modeled loneliness lands in the top 12.8% nationally. Modeled tree cover is in the bottom 14.7% nationally.
Relative to the ZIPs around it, park land runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. In plain terms, disaster risk is the area's national rank on its highest non-flood peril in FEMA's modeled Risk Index, like wildfire or quake. The nearest healthier ZIP overall is ZIP 91902, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad, CA metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 87%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 90%
14%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 68%
11%
Disability
healthier than 63%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 88%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 64%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 49%
16%
Mental Health
healthier than 50%
8%
Holding it back
Preventive Care
healthier than 19%
13%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 63%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 92%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 73%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 48%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 42%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 44%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 42%
8%
Disability
healthier than 59%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 41%
5%
Nothing measured is holding this score back.
Lifting this score
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 84%
14%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 63%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 41%
21%
Preventive Care
healthier than 40%
13%
Disability
healthier than 42%
7%
Holding it back
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 37%
16%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 25%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 35%
8%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 33%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
91902
Californiashares a border
Score 65.50
Closest healthier
91935
Californiashares a border
Score 61.11
Similar health profile
92069
California97% similar profile
Score 57.65
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 21.1% | 19.3–23.2 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 30.3% | 27.9–33.0 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 7.0% | 6.3–7.6 |
| Current asthma among adults | 9.7% | 8.7–10.8 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 5.4% | 4.9–6.1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 5.3% | 4.7–6.2 |
| Depression among adults | 22.1% | 19.8–24.8 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 10.7% | 9.5–12.1 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 33.7% | 31.2–36.6 |
| Obesity among adults | 27.6% | 24.4–31.4 |
| Stroke among adults | 3.1% | 2.8–3.4 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 12.8% | 10.5–15.3 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 9.5% | 8.0–11.3 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 68.8% | 66.0–71.8 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 73.0% | 70.3–75.8 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 85.5% | 83.8–87.0 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 61.2% | 57.3–65.1 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 58.0% | 55.0–60.9 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 76.4% | 70.3–81.6 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 16.5% | 14.4–18.8 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 11.1% | 9.5–12.8 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 22.0% | 19.4–25.1 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 37.1% | 33.5–40.6 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 20.6% | 18.3–23.1 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 17.5% | 15.8–19.5 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 13.1% | 11.7–14.7 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 15.1% | 13.4–16.9 |
| Any disability among adults | 28.8% | 26.0–31.9 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 5.6% | 5.0–6.3 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 8.2% | 7.3–9.2 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 13.2% | 11.7–14.9 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 3.9% | 3.5–4.3 |
| Vision disability among adults | 5.3% | 4.8–5.9 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 29.3% | 26.3–32.5 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 17.2% | 15.0–19.5 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 16.1% | 13.9–18.6 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 15.5% | 13.6–17.6 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 9.3% | 8.2–10.6 |
| Loneliness among adults | 36.9% | 33.5–40.4 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 7.5% | 6.5–8.7 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | CA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 10.2% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.6% (4.1–24.9%) n=1,714 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 10.6% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.7% (1.7–17.9%) n=1,704 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 12.1% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 9.8% (1.4–30.9%) n=1,729 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 31.3% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 31.3% (9.9–68.2%) n=1,729 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 9.3% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 6.1% (0.8–12.0%) n=1,714 |
| Households without a vehicle | 2.8% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.5% (0.0–12.2%) n=1,708 |
| Broadband subscription | 92.2% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 93.4% (82.1–98.4%) n=1,708 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 38.0% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 38.6% (24.4–50.5%) n=1,708 |
| Homeownership rate | 67.9% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 64.1% (31.9–86.4%) n=1,708 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 4.3% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 4.8% (0.0–15.9%) n=1,708 |
| Foreign-born population | 24.8% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 18.9% (3.0–40.4%) n=1,730 |
| Single-parent households | 51.7% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 48.4% (35.1–72.3%) n=1,692 |
| Population 65+ | 18.5% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 17.0% (9.7–35.7%) n=1,730 |
| Median age | 42.5 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 40.1 yr (31.8–57.0) n=1,712 |
| Median household income | $113,170 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $93,448 ($54,188–$159,562) n=1,584 |
| Median home value | $637,200 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $659,800 ($300,520–$1,493,340) n=1,593 |
| Median gross rent | $2,327 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $1,912 ($1,113–$2,923) n=1,461 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | CA median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 82.7 yr ± 1.47 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 80.5 yr (76.7–83.8) n=1,665 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 1.47 years of 82.7, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured