ZIP code
78028
in Kerrville, TexasPopulation 41,206
49.55/ 100
Ranked #16,879 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 47%)
Ranked #571 of 1,868 Texas ZIPs (top 31%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Industrial-pollution burden
in the bottom 2.1% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST2ndUS2ndDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›Mental-health provider access
0.29 per 1,000 residents
in the top 2.1% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST99thUS98thDefinition & source ›
The number of mental-health clinics located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Outpatient-care access
0.74 per 1,000 residents
in the top 3.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST96thUS96thDefinition & source ›
The number of outpatient clinics located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Subsidized affordable housing
408 units
in the top 5.8% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST90thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of affordable rental units in this ZIP supported by the federal Low-Income Housing Tax Credit program.
Full methodology ›Dry extreme heat
66.9 days/year
in the top 6.3% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST39thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The average number of days per year with a modeled daily high of at least 95 °F.
Full methodology ›Physician access
2.1 per 1,000 residents
in the top 6.4% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST92ndUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of physicians’ offices located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Natural-disaster risk
in the top 6.8% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST88thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
This area’s national rank on its single highest non-flood natural hazard — such as wildfire, tornado, or earthquake — in FEMA’s modeled National Risk Index; flooding is shown separately.
Full methodology ›Arsenic in groundwater
1.3%
in the bottom 9.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST10thUS9thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that untreated groundwater in this area — the source private wells draw on — exceeds the federal arsenic limit of 10 micrograms per liter.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Expected annual disaster loss
$0
in the top 9.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST80thUS91stDefinition & source ›
FEMA’s modeled estimate, in dollars per year, of the average harm to people expected from natural hazards — an annualized average, not a forecast for any single year.
Full methodology ›Uninsured (under 65)
16.2%
in the top 8.8% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST51stUS91stDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults aged 18–64 with no current health-insurance coverage.
Full methodology ›The read
ZIP 78028, one of several in Kerrville, Texas, in overall standing, comes out in the bottom 47% nationally (16,879th) and the top 31% of Texas (571st), based on limited data; treat as directional.
A demanding profile, and several measures drive it: modeled extreme heat resides in the top 6.3% nationally, disaster risk sits in the top 6.8% nationally, and expected annual loss stands in the top 9.0% nationally. On the stronger side, modeled industrial-pollution burden resides in the bottom 2.1% nationally, mental-health providers sits in the top 2.1% nationally, and outpatient stands in the top 3.6% nationally. Distance to an emergency room resides at the national minimum, shared with about 11% of ZIPs. Subsidized affordable housing sits in the top 5.8% nationally, and physicians stands in the top 6.4% nationally. Modeled arsenic resides in the bottom 9.0% nationally.
Set within its surrounding area, park land runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. Defined simply, for reference, industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. Disaster risk is the area's national rank on its highest non-flood peril in FEMA's modeled Risk Index, like wildfire or quake. Arsenic is a natural groundwater contaminant, here a modeled estimate of the chance private-well levels exceed a benchmark. The closest healthier ZIP overall is ZIP 78013, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 86%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 98%
14%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 63%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 71%
8%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 32%
21%
Preventive Care
healthier than 39%
13%
Disability
healthier than 30%
7%
Climate / Disaster RiskPartial
healthier than 4%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 25%
5%
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 87%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 97%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 84%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 80%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 77%
8%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 19%
21%
Disability
healthier than 37%
7%
Climate / Disaster RiskPartial
healthier than 15%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 25%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
78010
Texasshares a border
Score 47.24
Closest healthier
78013
Texasshares a border
Score 55.08
Similar health profile
39162
Mississippi97% similar profile
Score 46.61
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 31.3% | 27.9–34.9 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 41.3% | 37.0–45.8 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 11.0% | 10.1–12.1 |
| Current asthma among adults | 9.8% | 8.7–11.0 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 9.0% | 8.2–10.0 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 8.7% | 7.9–9.7 |
| Depression among adults | 21.5% | 18.4–25.1 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 15.1% | 13.2–17.2 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 41.5% | 37.1–46.3 |
| Obesity among adults | 34.4% | 26.9–43.1 |
| Stroke among adults | 4.6% | 4.2–5.0 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 12.8% | 10.6–15.7 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 16.2% | 14.3–18.2 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 81.9% | 79.4–84.2 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 78.5% | 75.0–81.8 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 87.9% | 86.4–89.3 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 67.1% | 62.4–72.1 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 57.5% | 54.0–61.3 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 73.2% | 65.6–80.7 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 14.8% | 12.2–17.8 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 12.7% | 11.1–14.7 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 28.7% | 24.4–33.6 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 35.4% | 29.2–42.6 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 23.0% | 20.4–26.0 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 15.6% | 13.9–17.5 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 15.2% | 13.6–17.2 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 14.3% | 12.8–16.1 |
| Any disability among adults | 36.0% | 31.8–40.7 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 10.1% | 9.0–11.2 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 9.2% | 8.3–10.3 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 18.6% | 16.5–21.0 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 4.6% | 4.2–5.0 |
| Vision disability among adults | 6.4% | 5.8–7.0 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | TX median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 11.1% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 12.4% (3.5–26.4%) n=1,869 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 24.2% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 22.3% (8.2–41.5%) n=1,862 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 8.2% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 12.2% (2.5–30.0%) n=1,881 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 32.4% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 21.9% (9.0–51.4%) n=1,881 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 3.6% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 4.2% (0.0–9.4%) n=1,865 |
| Households without a vehicle | 7.2% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 3.7% (0.0–10.8%) n=1,868 |
| Broadband subscription | 91.2% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 89.2% (75.0–97.3%) n=1,868 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 29.6% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 26.2% (8.8–40.3%) n=1,868 |
| Homeownership rate | 67.1% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 75.0% (46.4–92.3%) n=1,868 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 3.7% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 3.1% (0.0–9.0%) n=1,868 |
| Foreign-born population | 6.5% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 8.1% (0.1–26.4%) n=1,886 |
| Single-parent households | 59.9% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 48.5% (34.3–70.6%) n=1,861 |
| Population 65+ | 30.4% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 16.1% (8.6–30.1%) n=1,886 |
| Median age | 48.8 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 38.3 yr (30.9–52.3) n=1,866 |
| Median household income | $66,991 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $69,983 ($46,006–$112,413) n=1,737 |
| Median home value | $323,200 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $210,500 ($97,060–$429,760) n=1,693 |
| Median gross rent | $1,138 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $1,154 ($764–$1,815) n=1,508 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | TX median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 78.2 yr ± 0.45 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 78.2 yr (75.1–81.7) n=1,772 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.45 years of 78.2, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured