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ZIP code

45404

in Dayton, OhioPopulation 9,826

ZipVitals Score
How is the ZipVitals Score calculated? →

25.71/ 100

Ranked #31,397 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 2.1%)

Ranked #1,155 of 1,176 Ohio ZIPs (bottom 1.8%)

Ranked #57 of 57 Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH ZIPs (bottom 1.8%)

Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.

Robust across all 9 health domains

What defines this ZIP

Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.

Lead in tap water

350 ppb

in the top 0.03% nationally

Lower is healthier

US99th
Definition & source ›

The lead level at the 90th percentile of tap-water samples reported by the public water systems serving this ZIP, in parts per billion — the EPA requires action above 15 ppb.

Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.

Full methodology ›

Tooth loss

32.1%

in the top 2.1% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST97th
US98th
Definition & source ›

The estimated share of adults aged 65 and older who have lost all of their natural teeth.

Full methodology ›

PFAS in drinking water

84.3%

in the top 1.1% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST99th
US99th
Definition & source ›

The modeled probability that PFAS “forever chemicals” would be detected in untreated groundwater in this area, the source private wells draw on.

A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.

Full methodology ›

Distance to a Superfund site

In this ZIP

at the national minimum

Higher is healthier

ST1st
US1st
Definition & source ›

The distance in miles from this ZIP’s edge to the nearest Superfund site — an abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste site the EPA has listed for cleanup.

Full methodology ›

Industrial-pollution burden

in the top 1.9% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST98th
US98th
Definition & source ›

The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.

Full methodology ›

PFOS in drinking water

100%

at the national maximum

Lower is healthier

ST99th
US99th
Definition & source ›

The share of residents served by public water systems where PFOS, one of the most common “forever chemicals,” was detected in EPA testing.

Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.

Full methodology ›

Independent-living disability

13.9%

in the top 4.3% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST96th
US96th
Definition & source ›

The estimated share of adults who have difficulty doing errands alone, such as visiting a doctor’s office, because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition.

Full methodology ›

Outer-floodplain exposure

13.5%

in the top 2.9% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST99th
US97th
Definition & source ›

The share of this ZIP’s land area inside FEMA’s 0.2%-annual-chance flood band — the “500-year” zone, a lower but real 1-in-500 yearly chance.

Measured from FEMA’s mapped flood panels. Where a panel has not been mapped, no value is published for that ZIP — those ZIPs are absent from this comparison rather than counted as unexposed.

Full methodology ›

Self-care disability

7.1%

in the top 5.4% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST96th
US95th
Definition & source ›

The estimated share of adults with difficulty dressing or bathing.

Full methodology ›

Fair or poor health

31.9%

in the top 5.4% nationally

Lower is healthier

ST97th
US95th
Definition & source ›

The estimated share of adults who rate their own general health as fair or poor.

Full methodology ›

The read

In overall standing, ZIP 45404, one of several in Dayton, Ohio comes out in the bottom 2.1% nationally (31,397th) and the bottom 1.8% of Ohio (1,155th).

continue reading

The data is direct about where this area carries real strain: lead in tap water settles in the top 0.03% nationally, modeled tooth loss registers in the top 2.1% nationally, and modeled pfas stands in the top 1.1% nationally. Distance to a Superfund site lands at the national minimum, modeled industrial-pollution burden is in the top 1.9% nationally, and PFOS in drinking water resides at the national maximum. Modeled independent living disability rests in the top 4.3% nationally, and outer-floodplain exposure lies in the top 2.9% nationally. Modeled self-care disability sits in the top 5.4% nationally, and fair or poor health settles in the top 5.4% nationally.

Relative to the ZIPs around it, lead in tap water runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. In plain terms, lead in tap water is the EPA trigger, 15 parts per billion in tap samples, above which a water system must act on lead. Pfas is the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down; here a modeled estimate of the chance a private well contains them. Distance to a Superfund site is an abandoned or uncontrolled hazardous-waste site the EPA has identified for cleanup. The nearest healthier ZIP overall is ZIP 45324, just across the boundary.

What’s driving this score

Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Dayton-Kettering-Beavercreek, OH metro area.

Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.

Compare within

Lifting this score

Healthcare Access

healthier than 88%

5%

Holding it back

Chronic Disease Burden

healthier than 10%

21%

Social Need / SDOH

healthier than 5%

16%

Environmental Hazard

healthier than 2%

14%

Preventive Care

healthier than 8%

13%

Risk Behavior

in the bottom 1.0%

11%

Mental Health

healthier than 2%

8%

Disability

healthier than 7%

7%

Climate / Disaster Risk

healthier than 27%

5%

Lifting this score

Healthcare Access

healthier than 87%

5%

Holding it back

Chronic Disease Burden

healthier than 9%

21%

Social Need / SDOH

healthier than 4%

16%

Environmental Hazard

healthier than 2%

14%

Preventive Care

healthier than 3%

13%

Risk Behavior

healthier than 3%

11%

Mental Health

healthier than 2%

8%

Disability

healthier than 3%

7%

Climate / Disaster Risk

healthier than 4%

5%

Lifting this score

Healthcare Access

healthier than 84%

5%

Holding it back

Chronic Disease Burden

healthier than 7%

21%

Social Need / SDOH

healthier than 4%

16%

Environmental Hazard

healthier than 5%

14%

Preventive Care

healthier than 2%

13%

Risk Behavior

healthier than 4%

11%

Mental Health

healthier than 2%

8%

Disability

healthier than 4%

7%

Climate / Disaster Risk

healthier than 4%

5%

“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›

Findings that name this ZIP

2 of our published findings list this ZIP code. Each finding compares one published measure against a stated benchmark, and names only the ZIP codes whose estimates are reliable enough to rank. See all surprising findings.

  • Below what income predicts

    The ZIP codes that outlive their incomes

    Estimated life expectancy is 69.9 ± 1.6 years. A median household income of $38,874 predicts 76.3 years — 6.5 years below.

    Ranked #5,774 of the 5,842 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above what income predicts, highest first.

  • Below its nearby ZIPs

    The ZIP codes that outlive their neighbors

    Estimated life expectancy is 69.9 ± 1.6 years. The 48 nearest ZIP codes with estimates average 77.1 years — 7.2 years below them.

    Ranked #3,642 of the 3,687 ZIP codes this finding names, ordered by years above the nearby-ZIP average, highest first.

Nearby & similar ZIPs

Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.

How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured

Evidence

Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.

Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
MeasureCrude prevalence95% CI
Arthritis among adults31.5%28.8–34.2
High blood pressure among adults40.5%37.2–43.8
Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults7.5%6.8–8.2
Current asthma among adults12.9%11.5–14.3
Coronary heart disease among adults9.2%8.3–10.0
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults13.2%12.0–14.6
Depression among adults30.1%26.8–33.5
Diagnosed diabetes among adults18.2%16.3–20.1
High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened34.5%31.3–37.8
Obesity among adults43.8%38.7–48.9
Stroke among adults5.0%4.6–5.4
All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years32.1%27.7–36.9
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
MeasureCrude prevalence95% CI
Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years13.4%11.5–15.5
Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure76.8%74.1–79.2
Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults78.6%75.4–81.4
Cholesterol screening among adults80.2%77.8–82.2
Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years57.1%52.7–61.5
Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults45.1%41.8–48.4
Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years68.1%60.8–74.6
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
MeasureCrude prevalence95% CI
Binge drinking among adults14.8%12.4–17.4
Current cigarette smoking among adults25.5%22.8–28.3
No leisure-time physical activity among adults40.2%36.1–44.3
Short sleep duration among adults44.0%39.8–48.4
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
MeasureCrude prevalence95% CI
Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults31.9%28.9–34.9
Frequent mental distress among adults23.0%20.8–25.2
Frequent physical distress among adults19.3%17.3–21.2
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
MeasureCrude prevalence95% CI
Cognitive disability among adults21.0%19.0–23.1
Any disability among adults40.7%36.9–44.5
Hearing disability among adults8.3%7.4–9.2
Independent living disability among adults13.9%12.6–15.3
Mobility disability among adults20.7%18.6–22.8
Self-care disability among adults7.1%6.5–7.7
Vision disability among adults9.0%8.3–9.8
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
MeasureCrude prevalence95% CI
Lack of social and emotional support among adults23.3%20.1–26.8
Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults29.2%25.7–32.6
Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults30.5%27.1–33.9
Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults21.0%18.3–23.6
Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults15.5%13.7–17.2
Loneliness among adults38.8%34.2–43.6
Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults17.3%15.3–19.3
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
MeasureValueUS median (p10–p90)OH median (p10–p90)
Poverty rate34.5%10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,36410.7% (3.5–26.2%) n=1,177
Uninsured 18–6414.0%9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,2867.8% (2.5–18.1%) n=1,174
No HS diploma (25+)20.1%7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,5057.5% (2.3–17.0%) n=1,179
Bachelor's or higher (25+)10.2%23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,50519.7% (8.1–45.8%) n=1,179
Unemployment rate (16+)9.3%3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,2743.7% (0.0–9.8%) n=1,171
Households without a vehicle18.8%3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,3224.4% (0.0–14.5%) n=1,177
Broadband subscription83.5%89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,32288.9% (76.5–96.0%) n=1,177
Housing cost burden (≥30% income)42.4%23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,32221.3% (11.2–34.6%) n=1,177
Homeownership rate44.1%78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,32278.3% (52.8–91.8%) n=1,177
Crowded housing (>1 per room)2.6%1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,3220.8% (0.0–3.5%) n=1,177
Foreign-born population11.7%2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,5531.0% (0.0–6.8%) n=1,180
Single-parent households40.6%53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,08753.2% (36.6–68.1%) n=1,168
Population 65+15.7%19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,55319.0% (11.1–27.2%) n=1,180
Median age35.7 yr42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,29241.5 yr (33.2–50.5) n=1,169
Median household income$38,874$72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318$70,500 ($46,328–$101,197) n=1,127
Median home value$86,900$222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049$177,700 ($104,860–$310,980) n=1,117
Median gross rent$884$1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670$907 ($714–$1,294) n=1,007
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
MeasureValueUS median (p10–p90)OH median (p10–p90)
Life expectancy at birth69.9 yr ± 0.8078.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,30877.9 yr (74.0–81.3) n=1,154

About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.80 years of 69.9, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.

More ZIPs to explore ▾

How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured