ZIP code
44512
in Youngstown, OhioPopulation 32,536
52.84/ 100
Ranked #12,321 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 38%)
Ranked #252 of 1,176 Ohio ZIPs (top 21%)
Ranked #7 of 50 Youngstown-Warren, OH ZIPs (top 14.0%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Physician access
3.5 per 1,000 residents
in the top 2.7% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST98thUS97thDefinition & source ›
The number of physicians’ offices located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Lead in tap water
0 ppb
at the national minimum
Lower is healthier
US1stDefinition & source ›
The lead level at the 90th percentile of tap-water samples reported by the public water systems serving this ZIP, in parts per billion — the EPA requires action above 15 ppb.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›PFAS in drinking water
100%
at the national maximum
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS99thDefinition & source ›
The share of residents served by public water systems where PFAS — man-made “forever chemicals” that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down — were detected in EPA testing.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Dental provider access
1.1 per 1,000 residents
in the top 5.7% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST98thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The number of dental offices located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Mental-health provider access
0.15 per 1,000 residents
in the top 6.7% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST94thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The number of mental-health clinics located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Outpatient-care access
0.51 per 1,000 residents
in the top 7.5% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST96thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The number of outpatient clinics located inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Child-care access
0.54 per 1,000 residents
in the top 9.0% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST93rdUS91stDefinition & source ›
The number of child day-care services inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Recreation access
0.96 per 1,000 residents
in the top 9.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST95thUS90thDefinition & source ›
The number of places for physical recreation — gyms, sports, and fitness venues — inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one.
Full methodology ›Park land
11.6%
in the top 10.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST94thUS89thDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area that is public parkland.
Full methodology ›Grocery access
0.15 per 1,000 residents
in the top 11.7% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST91stUS88thDefinition & source ›
The number of full supermarkets inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one. ZipVitals’s food-access signal is derived from these in-ZIP densities — it is not USDA’s food-desert designation, which measures distance to the nearest supermarket. Where a leg is missing, a ZIP reads “not determinable,” never “not a food desert.”
Full methodology ›The read
On the composite measure, ZIP 44512, one of several in Youngstown, Ohio stands in the top 38% healthiest ZIPs nationally (12,321st) and the top 21% of Ohio (252nd).
Several of the strongest readings define how this area looks: physicians stands in the top 2.7% nationally, and lead in tap water sits at the national minimum. Distance to an emergency room resides at the national minimum, shared with about 11% of ZIPs. Dental providers stands in the top 5.7% nationally, mental-health providers sits in the top 6.7% nationally, and outpatient resides in the top 7.5% nationally. Childcare stands in the top 9.0% nationally, recreation sits in the top 9.6% nationally, and transit resides in the top 10.1% nationally. On the other hand, PFAS in drinking water stands at the national maximum.
Set beside the wider area around it, park land runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. For clarity, lead in tap water is the EPA trigger, 15 parts per billion in tap samples, above which a water system must act on lead. PFAS in drinking water is the family of man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down. ZIP 44406, just across the boundary, ranks better overall among the ZIPs nearby.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Youngstown-Warren, OH metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 69%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 79%
13%
Disability
healthier than 66%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 72%
5%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 93%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 47%
21%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 47%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 40%
8%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 20%
14%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 63%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 77%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 83%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 78%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 82%
8%
Disability
healthier than 64%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 94%
5%
About typical
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 56%
5%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 36%
14%
Lifting this score
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 96%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 88%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 82%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 88%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 86%
8%
Disability
healthier than 90%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 96%
5%
About typical
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 41%
5%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 31%
14%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
44406
Ohioshares a border
Score 59.94
Closest healthier
44514
Ohioshares a border
Score 56.81
Similar health profile
44814
Ohio98% similar profile
Score 52.79
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 32.8% | 29.8–35.7 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 37.5% | 34.0–40.9 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 9.8% | 9.0–10.7 |
| Current asthma among adults | 10.8% | 9.6–12.0 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 7.4% | 6.7–8.1 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 8.0% | 7.3–8.9 |
| Depression among adults | 24.6% | 21.5–27.8 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 13.0% | 11.5–14.6 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 37.1% | 33.5–40.7 |
| Obesity among adults | 36.4% | 31.1–41.7 |
| Stroke among adults | 3.7% | 3.4–4.0 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 12.4% | 10.4–14.7 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 7.3% | 6.3–8.4 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 81.2% | 78.8–83.4 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 79.5% | 76.5–82.3 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 87.2% | 85.8–88.7 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 70.2% | 66.4–73.9 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 65.0% | 62.0–67.9 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 78.1% | 72.3–83.2 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 15.4% | 12.9–18.0 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 14.7% | 13.0–16.6 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 24.4% | 21.2–27.8 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 39.5% | 35.0–44.0 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 18.3% | 16.3–20.4 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 16.8% | 15.1–18.6 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 13.8% | 12.4–15.4 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 13.2% | 11.9–14.7 |
| Any disability among adults | 28.7% | 25.3–32.0 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 7.0% | 6.3–7.8 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 8.0% | 7.2–8.8 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 13.7% | 12.2–15.4 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 3.7% | 3.4–4.0 |
| Vision disability among adults | 4.7% | 4.3–5.1 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 20.1% | 17.1–23.2 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 12.6% | 10.8–14.5 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 10.6% | 9.2–12.1 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 10.3% | 8.9–11.8 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 7.2% | 6.3–8.1 |
| Loneliness among adults | 33.0% | 28.2–37.8 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 7.8% | 6.8–8.8 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 14.6% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 10.7% (3.5–26.2%) n=1,177 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 5.6% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 7.8% (2.5–18.1%) n=1,174 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 5.3% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 7.5% (2.3–17.0%) n=1,179 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 35.4% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 19.7% (8.1–45.8%) n=1,179 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 4.7% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 3.7% (0.0–9.8%) n=1,171 |
| Households without a vehicle | 7.1% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 4.4% (0.0–14.5%) n=1,177 |
| Broadband subscription | 90.2% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 88.9% (76.5–96.0%) n=1,177 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 22.5% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 21.3% (11.2–34.6%) n=1,177 |
| Homeownership rate | 67.0% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 78.3% (52.8–91.8%) n=1,177 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 0.8% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 0.8% (0.0–3.5%) n=1,177 |
| Foreign-born population | 3.7% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 1.0% (0.0–6.8%) n=1,180 |
| Single-parent households | 48.4% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 53.2% (36.6–68.1%) n=1,168 |
| Population 65+ | 23.0% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 19.0% (11.1–27.2%) n=1,180 |
| Median age | 43.0 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 41.5 yr (33.2–50.5) n=1,169 |
| Median household income | $63,317 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $70,500 ($46,328–$101,197) n=1,127 |
| Median home value | $170,700 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $177,700 ($104,860–$310,980) n=1,117 |
| Median gross rent | $807 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $907 ($714–$1,294) n=1,007 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | OH median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 77.7 yr ± 0.46 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.9 yr (74.0–81.3) n=1,154 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 0.46 years of 77.7, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured