ZIP code
28159
in Spencer, North CarolinaPopulation 3,250
47.56/ 100
Ranked #19,485 of 32,066 US ZIPs (bottom 39%)
Ranked #481 of 793 North Carolina ZIPs (bottom 39%)
Ranked #88 of 113 Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC ZIPs (bottom 22%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
PFAS in drinking water
82.2%
in the top 1.5% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS99thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that PFAS “forever chemicals” would be detected in untreated groundwater in this area, the source private wells draw on.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Grocery access
0.33 per 1,000 residents
in the top 3.3% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST95thUS97thDefinition & source ›
The number of full supermarkets inside this ZIP’s boundary, per 1,000 residents.
Counted from establishments located inside this ZIP’s boundary, so one just across the line is not counted. Where a ZIP has too few residents for the density to be reliable, no value is published rather than an unreliable one. ZipVitals’s food-access signal is derived from these in-ZIP densities — it is not USDA’s food-desert designation, which measures distance to the nearest supermarket. Where a leg is missing, a ZIP reads “not determinable,” never “not a food desert.”
Full methodology ›Lead in tap water
0 ppb
at the national minimum
Lower is healthier
US1stDefinition & source ›
The lead level at the 90th percentile of tap-water samples reported by the public water systems serving this ZIP, in parts per billion — the EPA requires action above 15 ppb.
Measured from EPA records for the public water systems that serve this ZIP. Households on private wells — roughly 30% of the US population — are not covered by this measure, and this figure says nothing about their water.
Full methodology ›Industrial-pollution burden
in the top 7.0% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST96thUS93rdDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled screening score for industrial chemical releases, weighting the amounts released by their toxicity and how many people live nearby — a relative comparison score, not a measured exposure.
Full methodology ›Walkability
83 intersections/sq mi
in the top 13.3% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST97thUS87thDefinition & source ›
The number of street intersections per square mile — a standard street-connectivity measure; denser networks correlate with more walkable neighborhoods.
Full methodology ›Park land
5.9%
in the top 17% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST94thUS83rdDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area that is public parkland.
Full methodology ›The read
By the composite measure, Spencer, North Carolina (ZIP 28159) sits in the bottom 39% nationally (19,485th) and the bottom 39% of North Carolina (481st).
Where the data leans one way, another reading answers it: grocery lies in the top 3.3% nationally, and lead in tap water settles at the national minimum. Modeled loud transportation noise stands at the national minimum, shared with about 22% of ZIPs. Distance to a community health center is at the national minimum, shared with about 23% of ZIPs. Walkability rests in the top 13.3% nationally. Distance to a nursing home sits at the national minimum, shared with about 27% of ZIPs. Crowded housing registers at the national minimum, shared with about 29% of ZIPs. Dental providers lands in the top 16% nationally. On the other hand, modeled pfas resides in the top 1.5% nationally, and industrial-pollution burden lies in the top 7.0% nationally.
Compared with the ZIPs that surround it, industrial-pollution burden runs far higher than the surrounding ZIPs on this measure. In plain language, pfas is the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down; here a modeled estimate of the chance a private well contains them. Lead in tap water is the EPA trigger, 15 parts per billion in tap samples, above which a water system must act on lead. Industrial-pollution burden is the EPA's modeled screening score weighting industrial chemical releases by their toxicity and how many people live nearby. ZIP 28146, about 0.8 miles away, ranks healthier overall.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts. Compare it against the US, this state and the Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC metro area.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 90%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 49%
16%
Preventive Care
healthier than 45%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 57%
11%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 40%
21%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 23%
14%
Mental Health
healthier than 34%
8%
Disability
healthier than 27%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 32%
5%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 88%
5%
About typical
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 53%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 45%
16%
Mental Health
healthier than 45%
8%
Holding it back
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 10%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 28%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 39%
11%
Disability
healthier than 37%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 31%
5%
Lifting this score
Healthcare Access
healthier than 83%
5%
About typical
Mental Health
healthier than 41%
8%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 20%
21%
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 29%
16%
Environmental Hazard
healthier than 28%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 34%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 36%
11%
Disability
healthier than 17%
7%
Climate / Disaster Risk
healthier than 14%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
28144
North Carolinashares a border
Score 45.93
Closest healthier
28146
North Carolinaabout 0.8 mi away
Score 51.04
Similar health profile
27330
North Carolina91% similar profile
Score 47.08
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 29.6% | 26.3–33.2 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 40.1% | 36.0–44.6 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 7.5% | 6.7–8.3 |
| Current asthma among adults | 11.7% | 10.3–13.2 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 7.3% | 6.5–8.2 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 8.8% | 7.4–10.3 |
| Depression among adults | 23.9% | 20.5–27.8 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 14.2% | 12.3–16.3 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 36.6% | 32.4–41.2 |
| Obesity among adults | 39.7% | 32.2–47.9 |
| Stroke among adults | 4.4% | 3.9–4.9 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 13.5% | 10.9–16.5 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 12.7% | 10.5–15.3 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 77.2% | 74.4–80.1 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 80.3% | 77.0–83.7 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 86.6% | 84.6–88.5 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 63.5% | 58.3–68.8 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 57.5% | 53.7–61.3 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 78.6% | 71.4–85.1 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 13.5% | 11.1–16.5 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 17.3% | 14.5–20.4 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 29.6% | 24.8–34.7 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 33.8% | 27.5–40.9 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 23.8% | 20.3–27.4 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 18.1% | 15.9–20.3 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 14.9% | 12.9–16.9 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 17.5% | 15.1–19.9 |
| Any disability among adults | 37.8% | 32.8–42.7 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 7.7% | 6.7–8.7 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 10.2% | 8.8–11.7 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 17.7% | 15.1–20.3 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 5.2% | 4.6–6.0 |
| Vision disability among adults | 6.9% | 6.0–7.8 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 24.6% | 21.0–28.9 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 20.8% | 17.4–24.3 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 18.5% | 15.4–21.8 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 16.2% | 13.7–18.8 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 10.9% | 9.4–12.5 |
| Loneliness among adults | 33.8% | 28.7–39.3 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 11.1% | 9.4–12.8 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | NC median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 12.6% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 13.0% (4.4–25.0%) n=793 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 10.6% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 14.5% (5.7–24.9%) n=794 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 18.3% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 10.4% (3.1–19.8%) n=798 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 26.1% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 22.8% (10.7–53.4%) n=798 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 7.5% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 4.2% (0.0–9.1%) n=796 |
| Households without a vehicle | 1.1% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 3.9% (0.0–10.2%) n=793 |
| Broadband subscription | 90.9% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 87.6% (76.2–96.3%) n=793 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 25.9% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 24.7% (14.1–36.5%) n=793 |
| Homeownership rate | 67.1% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 75.0% (52.7–89.7%) n=793 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 0.0% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 1.4% (0.0–4.5%) n=793 |
| Foreign-born population | 1.8% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 4.2% (0.0–12.9%) n=799 |
| Single-parent households | 47.4% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 51.8% (39.2–70.1%) n=790 |
| Population 65+ | 23.4% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 19.7% (11.1–31.9%) n=799 |
| Median age | 42.7 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 42.5 yr (33.3–55.7) n=797 |
| Median household income | $63,036 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $65,030 ($44,419–$97,111) n=749 |
| Median home value | $200,300 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $223,850 ($113,970–$452,990) n=758 |
| Median gross rent | $932 | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $957 ($715–$1,575) n=687 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | NC median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 72.8 yr ± 1.30 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 77.3 yr (74.6–80.8) n=747 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 1.30 years of 72.8, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured