ZIP code
12851
in Minerva, New YorkPopulation 275
57.37/ 100
Ranked #6,921 of 32,066 US ZIPs (top 22%)
Ranked #831 of 1,730 New York ZIPs (top 48%)
Ranks are modeled estimates — ZIPs a few hundred places apart are effectively tied.
What defines this ZIP
Metrics where this ZIP sits in the tails of the national distribution — the ones that most set it apart. Select any tile for its definition and methodology.
Walkability
0.7 intersections/sq mi
in the bottom 1.6% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST2ndUS2ndDefinition & source ›
The number of street intersections per square mile — a standard street-connectivity measure; denser networks correlate with more walkable neighborhoods.
Full methodology ›Tree cover
86.4%
in the top 2.5% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST97thUS98thDefinition & source ›
The share of this ZIP’s land area covered by forest.
Full methodology ›Air-toxics cancer risk
10 per million
in the bottom 2.8% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST1stUS3rdDefinition & source ›
The EPA’s modeled estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air toxics, in cases per million people exposed over a lifetime.
Full methodology ›Distance to an emergency room
24.8 mi
in the top 3.1% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST99thUS97thDefinition & source ›
The distance in miles from this ZIP’s edge to the nearest Medicare-certified hospital with an emergency room.
Full methodology ›PFAS in drinking water
7.9%
in the bottom 4.9% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST1stUS5thDefinition & source ›
The modeled probability that PFAS “forever chemicals” would be detected in untreated groundwater in this area, the source private wells draw on.
A modeled likelihood for untreated groundwater, the source drawn on by private wells, which are federally unregulated. It is not a measurement of treated water delivered by a public system, and it is not a test of any individual well.
Full methodology ›Distance to a hazardous-chemical facility
18 mi
in the top 5.9% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST94thUS94thDefinition & source ›
The distance in miles from this ZIP’s edge to the nearest facility that handles enough hazardous chemicals to require an EPA risk-management plan for accidental releases.
Full methodology ›Colon-cancer screening
74.2%
in the top 4.4% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST90thUS96thDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of adults aged 45–75 who are up to date on colorectal-cancer screening.
Full methodology ›Humid extreme heat
11.9 days/year
in the bottom 8.8% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST2ndUS9thDefinition & source ›
The average number of days per year when modeled heat stress — temperature, humidity, sun, and wind combined — reaches levels hard on the body outdoors.
Full methodology ›Mammography
80.7%
in the top 7.8% nationally
Higher is healthier
ST81stUS92ndDefinition & source ›
The estimated share of women aged 50–74 who had a mammogram within the past two years.
Full methodology ›Transportation noise
0.25%
in the bottom 11.3% nationally
Lower is healthier
ST10thUS11thDefinition & source ›
The modeled share of residents exposed to average road, rail, and aviation noise at or above 55 decibels — a noticeable background presence.
Full methodology ›The read
Judged by its overall standing, Minerva, New York (ZIP 12851) sits in the top 22% healthiest ZIPs nationally (6,921st) and the top 48% of New York (831st), based on limited data; treat as directional.
A balanced showing across the data, with a few readings each side: modeled tree cover resides in the top 2.5% nationally, air-toxics cancer risk sits in the bottom 2.8% nationally, and pfas stands in the bottom 4.9% nationally. Distance to a hazardous-chemical facility resides in the top 5.9% nationally, modeled colon screening sits in the top 4.4% nationally, and modeled humid heat stands in the bottom 8.8% nationally. Modeled extreme heat resides at the national minimum, shared with about 19% of ZIPs. Modeled mammography sits in the top 7.8% nationally. On the other hand, walkability stands in the bottom 1.6% nationally, and distance to an emergency room resides in the top 3.1% nationally.
Put plainly, air-toxics cancer risk is a modeled EPA estimate of added lifetime cancer risk from breathing outdoor air, per million people. Pfas is the man-made "forever chemicals" that build up in the body and environment instead of breaking down; here a modeled estimate of the chance a private well contains them. Distance to a hazardous-chemical facility is a plant handling large amounts of hazardous chemicals that must file an EPA risk-management plan for accidental releases. A healthier nearby ZIP overall is ZIP 12842, just across the boundary.
What’s driving this score
Nine domains make up the ZipVitals Score — here is how this ZIP does on each, and how much each one counts.
Compared with the ZIP codes measured across all nine scoring domains — not with all US ZIP codes.
Lifting this score
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 62%
16%
Environmental Hazard
in the top 0.6%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 97%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 74%
11%
Mental Health
healthier than 88%
8%
Climate / Disaster RiskPartial
in the top 0.2%
5%
About typical
Disability
healthier than 51%
7%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 20%
21%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 35%
5%
Lifting this score
Environmental Hazard
in the top 0.00%
14%
Preventive Care
healthier than 89%
13%
Risk Behavior
healthier than 71%
11%
Climate / Disaster RiskPartial
in the top 0.00%
5%
About typical
Social Need / SDOH
healthier than 56%
16%
Mental Health
healthier than 57%
8%
Holding it back
Chronic Disease Burden
healthier than 4%
21%
Disability
healthier than 20%
7%
Healthcare Access
healthier than 29%
5%
“Share” is how much of this ZIP’s score the domain accounts for. Percentages are rounded; higher is healthier in every domain. How the score works, and who it compares you with ›
Nearby & similar ZIPs
Editorially selected — see how this ZIP compares to nearby and similar places.
Nearby
12842
New Yorkshares a border
Score 59.82
Closest healthier
12852
New Yorkshares a border
Score 58.72
Similar health profile
12969
New York99% similar profile
Score 56.73
How these were chosen: only ZIPs with a published Score appear — a nearby ZIP with too little data to score won’t. Nearby means closest by distance between ZIP boundaries, which can cross state lines. A similar health profile is a close match across the nine Score domains, not similar demographics. Distances are measured between ZIP boundaries — ZIPs that touch share a border. How distance is measured
Evidence
Every measure this page draws on, by source. Collapsed by default — the full data stays in the page for search engines either way.
Health OutcomesCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Arthritis among adults | 36.6% | 32.6–40.5 |
| High blood pressure among adults | 41.7% | 37.2–46.1 |
| Cancer (non-skin) or melanoma among adults | 13.4% | 11.9–14.8 |
| Current asthma among adults | 10.9% | 9.5–12.2 |
| Coronary heart disease among adults | 9.4% | 8.1–10.9 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults | 9.1% | 7.2–11.3 |
| Depression among adults | 19.6% | 16.5–22.7 |
| Diagnosed diabetes among adults | 13.0% | 11.0–15.2 |
| High cholesterol among adults who have ever been screened | 42.8% | 38.3–47.2 |
| Obesity among adults | 34.1% | 27.6–40.9 |
| Stroke among adults | 4.6% | 3.9–5.4 |
| All teeth lost among adults aged >=65 years | 14.2% | 11.5–17.1 |
PreventionCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Current lack of health insurance among adults aged 18-64 years | 5.0% | 3.6–6.7 |
| Taking medicine to control high blood pressure among adults with high blood pressure | 82.4% | 79.6–84.9 |
| Visits to doctor for routine checkup within the past year among adults | 84.1% | 81.4–86.6 |
| Cholesterol screening among adults | 92.7% | 91.3–93.8 |
| Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 45–75 years | 74.2% | 69.6–78.5 |
| Visited dentist or dental clinic in the past year among adults | 62.4% | 58.8–66.1 |
| Mammography use among women aged 50-74 years | 80.7% | 74.2–86.1 |
Health Risk BehaviorsCDC PLACES 2022 / 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Binge drinking among adults | 14.1% | 11.7–16.7 |
| Current cigarette smoking among adults | 12.9% | 9.7–16.1 |
| No leisure-time physical activity among adults | 26.7% | 21.2–32.5 |
| Short sleep duration among adults | 34.0% | 28.4–40.0 |
Health StatusCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Fair or poor self-rated health status among adults | 18.7% | 14.9–22.9 |
| Frequent mental distress among adults | 14.0% | 11.9–16.1 |
| Frequent physical distress among adults | 15.3% | 12.8–17.9 |
DisabilityCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive disability among adults | 11.4% | 9.3–13.7 |
| Any disability among adults | 32.1% | 26.9–37.5 |
| Hearing disability among adults | 9.1% | 7.8–10.5 |
| Independent living disability among adults | 8.2% | 6.7–10.0 |
| Mobility disability among adults | 17.5% | 14.2–21.1 |
| Self-care disability among adults | 4.1% | 3.3–5.0 |
| Vision disability among adults | 4.9% | 4.0–5.9 |
Health-Related Social NeedsCDC PLACES 2023 · BRFSS
| Measure | Crude prevalence | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|
| Lack of social and emotional support among adults | 21.3% | 17.7–25.4 |
| Food insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 10.4% | 7.7–13.8 |
| Received food stamps in the past 12 months among adults | 9.5% | 6.8–12.7 |
| Housing insecurity in the past 12 months among adults | 8.6% | 6.6–10.8 |
| Lack of reliable transportation in the past 12 months among adults | 5.9% | 4.7–7.2 |
| Loneliness among adults | 29.3% | 24.8–34.9 |
| Utility services shut-off threat in the past 12 months among adults | 5.5% | 4.3–6.7 |
Community & economyCensus ACS 5-Year · 2024 release · observed
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | NY median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poverty rate | 10.2% | 10.6% (3.1–25.8%) n=32,364 | 9.5% (2.5–22.6%) n=1,734 |
| Uninsured 18–64 | 1.6% | 9.0% (1.5–24.3%) n=32,286 | 5.0% (0.0–13.1%) n=1,734 |
| No HS diploma (25+) | 8.1% | 7.9% (1.8–20.7%) n=32,505 | 7.1% (1.2–17.5%) n=1,743 |
| Bachelor's or higher (25+) | 29.7% | 23.3% (9.2–53.6%) n=32,505 | 31.8% (13.9–62.1%) n=1,743 |
| Unemployment rate (16+) | 5.8% | 3.9% (0.0–9.8%) n=32,274 | 4.4% (0.0–9.7%) n=1,730 |
| Households without a vehicle | 3.8% | 3.9% (0.0–12.5%) n=32,322 | 5.7% (0.0–28.9%) n=1,730 |
| Broadband subscription | 93.2% | 89.3% (75.1–97.1%) n=32,322 | 91.5% (81.1–98.3%) n=1,730 |
| Housing cost burden (≥30% income) | 16.7% | 23.7% (10.6–40.0%) n=32,322 | 27.2% (14.2–45.5%) n=1,730 |
| Homeownership rate | 90.9% | 78.7% (51.7–94.0%) n=32,322 | 80.2% (40.9–94.8%) n=1,730 |
| Crowded housing (>1 per room) | 0.0% | 1.3% (0.0–6.3%) n=32,322 | 1.0% (0.0–6.6%) n=1,730 |
| Foreign-born population | 1.8% | 2.6% (0.0–18.6%) n=32,553 | 4.8% (0.0–28.7%) n=1,746 |
| Single-parent households | 81.2% | 53.6% (37.3–74.1%) n=32,087 | 54.0% (36.7–74.5%) n=1,716 |
| Population 65+ | 37.8% | 19.4% (10.8–33.6%) n=32,553 | 20.0% (12.0–33.2%) n=1,746 |
| Median age | 56.8 yr | 42.2 yr (33.0–56.3) n=32,292 | 43.5 yr (34.6–56.1) n=1,733 |
| Median household income | $73,750 | $72,070 ($46,039–$118,707) n=30,318 | $81,837 ($55,470–$145,610) n=1,626 |
| Median home value | $160,900 | $222,200 ($100,300–$579,820) n=30,049 | $247,700 ($121,180–$801,380) n=1,629 |
| Median gross rent | — | $1,021 ($677–$1,912) n=25,670 | $1,162 ($782–$2,359) n=1,367 |
Life expectancyNCHS / RWJF USALEEP · model-based
| Measure | Value | US median (p10–p90) | NY median (p10–p90) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy at birth | 85.9 yr ± 2.94 | 78.9 yr (74.7–82.8) n=31,308 | 80.9 yr (78.0–84.5) n=1,692 |
About the ± — it’s this estimate’s give-or-take (statisticians call it the standard error). The true life expectancy for this ZIP most likely falls within 2.94 years of 85.9, and it’s very unlikely to be off by more than twice that.
More ZIPs to explore ▾More ZIPs to explore ▴
How these lists were built: they draw only from ZIPs that have a published Score, so ZIPs with too little data to score are not listed. Distance-based lists use distance between ZIP boundaries with no state filter, so an out-of-state ZIP can appear. Statistically similar means a close match across the nine Score domains, not a demographic match: the measure is the cosine similarity between two ZIPs’ domain scores, taken over the domains both ZIPs have data for and only where that overlap covers at least six of the nine — and where no ZIP clears that minimum-overlap floor, that list is left out rather than filled with a weak match. How distance is measured